前列腺癌

预约门诊

生存率

大多数前列腺癌患者的生存几率相当乐观。大多数确诊的前列腺癌患者处于疾病早期，其中许多人可以治愈。即使癌症无法治愈，治疗通常也能减缓癌细胞的生长，延长患者的寿命。

生存统计数据

前列腺癌的生存率是通过对大量前列腺癌患者进行研究以了解他们确诊后 5 年或 10 年的存活情况得出的。生存率以百分比表示。如果 5 年生存率为 41%，这意味着在每 100 名患者中，研究估计有 41 人在确诊后五年内仍然存活。这也意味着，研究估计有 59 名患者将在确诊后 5 年内死于该癌症。

许多人都想了解按数字分期（如 1 至 4 期）列出的生存率。但负责追踪美国癌症生存率的美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）是按癌症扩散程度报告生存率。

NCI 生存率分类如下：

  • 局限性，意味着癌细胞仅存在于前列腺内。
  • 区域性，意味着癌细胞已生长到前列腺之外，但尚未扩散至身体其他部位。其中包括扩散至周围淋巴结的癌细胞。
  • 远处转移性，意味着癌细胞已扩散至身体其他部位。
局限性前列腺癌患者的生存率
年龄组 5 年生存率 10 年生存率
50 岁以下 100% 100%
50 至 64 岁 100% 100%
65 岁及以上 100% 100%
区域性前列腺癌患者的生存率
年龄组 5 年生存率 10 年生存率
50 岁以下 96% 95%
50 至 64 岁 99% 98%
65 岁及以上 100% 99%
远处转移性前列腺癌患者的生存率
年龄组 5 年生存率 10 年生存率
50 岁以下 41% 13%
50 至 64 岁 47% 20%
65 岁及以上 36% 15%

请记住，癌症生存率统计数据需要 5 年或 10 年才能完成收集。最新的生存率数据包括 5 年或 10 年前确诊前列腺癌的患者。这些患者可能未接受过最新疗法。在过去数十年间，前列腺癌死亡率持续下降，生存率稳步提升。

您能做些什么

目前尚无确切方法可以预防前列腺癌复发。有一些研究表明，健康的生活方式有利于降低复发风险。如果您担心前列腺癌复发，可尝试采用以下措施。这些措施还有助于降低其他状况的发生风险，例如在前列腺癌患者中常见的心脏病。

规律锻炼。 针对前列腺癌患者的体力活动研究表明，运动量最大的患者死于该疾病的风险最低。运动还有助于降低患心脏病的风险。

医疗护理专业人员一般会给出以下建议：

  • 有氧运动。 每周至少进行 150 分钟中等强度的有氧运动。或者每周进行至少 75 分钟的高强度有氧运动。您也可以两种类型各进行一半。争取在每周大多数日子里坚持运动。要获得更有利于健康的效果，每周进行 300 分钟或更长时间的中等强度有氧运动。
  • 力量训练。 每周至少对所有主要肌肉群做两次力量训练。

如果您最近不常运动，在开始运动之前，请先咨询医疗护理专业人员。慢慢开始，然后逐渐增加运动量。

健康饮食。 研究支持以下观点：富含水果、蔬菜和全谷物且总体有利于健康的饮食有利于提高前列腺癌治疗后的生存率。几乎没有证据表明某些食物或维生素能带来益处。

医疗护理专业人员一般会给出以下建议：

  • 选择健康食物。 选择健康食物，例如水果、蔬菜、全谷物、豆类和坚果。其他健康食物包括禽肉、鱼肉、低脂乳品和蛋类。
  • 限制其他食物。 限制红肉、加工食品和含添加糖食品的摄入量。

不要使用烟草。 吸烟者前列腺癌复发的风险高于从不吸烟者。尚不清楚在治疗后戒烟是否有助于降低该风险。但戒烟有诸多其他健康益处。可降低患另一种类型癌症的风险。戒烟也有益于心脏健康。

请勿使用各种形式的烟草。如果使用烟草，请向医疗护理专业人员咨询戒烟方法。

预后

生存率可让您大致了解与您情况相似的患者的预后，但却无法预测您的未来。如果您想了解自己的预后，请咨询医疗护理团队。

癌症预后反映癌症治愈的可能性。您的个人预后可能取决于：

  • 分级分组。 分级分组以格利森评分为基础。分级范围为 1 到 5 级，数字越低表示癌细胞生长可能越缓慢。分级分组越高，预后越差。
  • 前列腺活检结果。 前列腺活检需要从前列腺采集多份组织样本进行检测。如果少于一半的样本含有癌细胞，预后会比较好。
  • PSA 检测结果。 血液中前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平越低，预后越好。
  • 癌症分期。 癌灶较大、癌变部位生长至前列腺以外以及癌症扩散，都会导致癌症分期升高，预后变差。
  • 您的整体健康状况。 总体健康状况良好可能会改善预后。存在其他严重健康状况可能会限制治疗选择，并使预后变差。

一些患者想知道其症状可能预示着怎样的预后。症状可以提供关于癌症大小和分期的线索。例如，骨骼疼痛是癌症已扩散至骨骼的症状，其预后比仅限于前列腺的癌症要差。但症状本身并不影响预后。很多前列腺癌患者没有症状。

如果您想了解可能出现哪些情况，请向医护团队咨询您的预后。医护团队可以阐明他们在评估您的预后时考虑了哪些因素。

申请预约
分期医生与科室
Feb. 20, 2026

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