Trasplante de células madre autógeno

Un trasplante autólogo de células madre utiliza células madre sanguíneas sanas de tu propio cuerpo para reemplazar tu médula ósea que no funciona correctamente. Un trasplante autólogo de células madre también se denomina trasplante autólogo de médula ósea.

El uso de células de tu propio cuerpo durante el trasplante de células madre ofrece algunas ventajas respecto de las células madre de un donante. Por ejemplo, no necesitas preocuparte por la incompatibilidad entre las células del donante y tus propias células si tienes un trasplante autólogo de células madre.

Un trasplante autólogo de células madre podría ser una opción si tu cuerpo produce suficientes células sanas de médula ósea. Estas células pueden ser recolectadas, congeladas y almacenadas para su uso posterior.

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Por qué se realiza

Most often, people who have autologous stem cell transplants have had high doses of chemotherapy and radiation to cure their conditions. These treatments can damage the bone marrow. An autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) helps to restore the bone marrow by replacing damaged cells.

An autologous stem cell transplant can be used to treat more than 75 blood cancers and conditions. They include:

Hodgkin lymphoma.
Leukemia.
Multiple myeloma.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Plasma cell disorders.
Sickle cell disease.

ASCT also treats some conditions in which the immune system attacks its own body, such as multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease and lupus.

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Lo que puedes esperar

Undergoing an autologous stem cell transplant involves:

Taking medicines to raise the number of stem cells in your blood. You get medicines that cause you to have more stem cells. The medicines also move the cells out of your bone marrow and into your blood. From there, it's easy to harvest them.
Harvesting stem cells from your blood. To get your stem cells, you have a needle put into a vein in your arm to draw blood. A machine filters out the stem cells. The rest of your blood goes back to your body.

Your stem cells are then frozen and stored for later use.
Getting high doses of cancer treatment. This is called conditioning. During this process, you get high doses of chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both to kill your cancer cells. The treatments you have depend on your condition.

The cancer treatments used during the conditioning process carry a risk of side effects. Talk with your healthcare professional about what to expect from your treatment.
Getting an infusion of stem cells. Your stem cells go back into your bloodstream through a vein. This is called an infusion. From your blood, the cells travel to your bone marrow. There, they begin making new blood cells.

After your autologous stem cell transplant, you stay under close medical care. You meet with your care team often to watch for side effects and check your body's response to the transplant.

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Escrito por el personal de Mayo Clinic

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Tipo

Jan. 31, 2025

Imprimir

Blood and marrow stem cell transplantation guide. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. https://www.lls.org/resource-center/download-or-order-free-publications. Accessed Jan. 27, 2022.
Blood and bone marrow transplant. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-and-bone-marrow-transplant. Accessed Jan. 27, 2022.
Diseases treatable by transplants. National Marrow Donor Program. https://bethematch.org/transplant-basics/how-transplants-work/diseases-treatable-by-transplants/. Accessed Jan. 27, 2022.

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