Vaccines for adults: Which do I need?

Vaccines can protect your health. Find out more about the vaccines that are recommended for adults.

By Mayo Clinic Staff

You may think that because you're not a kid anymore, you don't have to worry about getting shots. But adults need them too. Here's what to know about vaccines for adults.

What factors might affect my vaccine recommendations?

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends vaccines for adults based on the following:

  • Age.
  • Health history.
  • Travel destinations.
  • Sexual activity.
  • Lifestyle.
  • Occupation.
  • Vaccinations you've had before.

How do I know if my vaccinations are up to date?

To gather information about vaccinations you've had, talk to your parents or other caregivers, if possible. Ask if they have records of the vaccinations you received when you were a child. You also can check with your healthcare professional's office to see if they have your vaccination records on file.

In some situations, you may need to check with healthcare organizations where you received care when you were younger. Or it may be helpful to check with your schools or employers who required vaccinations. You also could contact your state health department to see if it has a registry that includes adult immunizations.

If you can't find your records, your healthcare professional might be able to do blood tests to see if you are immune to certain diseases that vaccines can prevent. You may need to get some vaccines again.

 

What vaccines do adults need?

Talk to your healthcare professional about your specific needs. Vaccines you may need as an adult include:

  • COVID-19. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine can help prevent you from getting COVID-19 or from becoming seriously ill or dying due to COVID-19.
  • Flu. To prevent the flu — also called influenza — the CDC recommends annual flu vaccinations for everyone age 6 months and older. The flu can cause serious health problems in older adults. Adults 50 and older and pregnant people should get the flu vaccine as a shot, not as a nasal spray.

  • Hepatitis B. The CDC recommends all adults ages 19 to 59 receive the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine also is recommended for adults 60 and older who have risk factors for hepatitis B.

    This vaccine is not specifically recommended for people 60 and older who don't have known risk factors. But if you are in that group, you may receive the hepatitis B vaccine if you want it. Hepatitis B is a disease that affects the liver.

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV). The CDC recommends the HPV vaccine for children at ages 11 or 12. But if you didn't receive the HPV vaccine at that time, you can get it later as a teen or as a young adult. It's recommended for everyone through age 26.

    The HPV vaccine also may be useful for some adults ages 27 through 45. If you're in that age group and you haven't received the HPV vaccine, talk to your healthcare professional to see if it might be right for you. HPV is a common virus that can cause cancer.

  • Pneumococcal. The CDC recommends the pneumococcal vaccines — there are two — for adults age 65 and older. Younger adults at increased risk of pneumococcal disease also might need a dose of the vaccine. Pneumococcal disease causes infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream infections.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The CDC recommends the RSV vaccine for adults 60 and older who are at a higher risk of serious health problems, such as pneumonia, if they get RSV. The CDC also recommends the vaccine to pregnant people between weeks 32 and 36 of pregnancy if those weeks fall during September through January. The pregnancy recommendation applies to most areas of the U.S., but where you live makes a difference. Ask your healthcare professional if you need the RSV vaccine during pregnancy.
  • Shingles. To prevent shingles, the CDC recommends the vaccine Shingrix for healthy adults age 50 and older. It's given in two doses. While not life-threatening, shingles can be very painful.

  • Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap). One dose of Tdap is routinely given at age 11 or 12. If you've never had a Tdap vaccine, the CDC recommends getting it as soon as possible. One dose of Tdap vaccine also is recommended during each pregnancy, ideally between weeks 27 and 36.

    Tdap can protect you from lockjaw, which also is called tetanus; whooping cough, which also is called pertussis; and diphtheria, which can lead to breathing problems. A Tdap booster shot is recommended every 10 years.

To help you keep track of your vaccines, ask your healthcare professional for an immunization record form. Bring the form with you to all your healthcare visits. Ask a member of your care team to sign and date the form for each vaccine you receive.

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Mayo Clinic Minute: Why vaccines are especially important for older people

Ian Roth: Aging is inevitable, and parts of the process can be unpleasant.

Gregory Poland, M.D., Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic: "As you get older, your immune system gets weaker. That's why we see more severe infections in older people."

Ian Roth: Dr. Gregory Poland, who heads up the Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, says it's why vaccines become especially important as you get older. And it's why his team at Mayo Clinic looks for ways to tailor vaccines to better protect older people.

Dr. Poland: "There are three influenza vaccines, one shingles vaccine, and one hepatitis B vaccine that have been designed around those issues and that work better than the standard vaccines in older people."

Ian Roth: He says it's important to note that these vaccines aren't perfect and won't always prevent you from getting an illness, but they do protect you from complications from illnesses like the flu.

Dr. Poland: "So you might have had sniffles or fever. You were home for a day or two from work, but you didn't get hospitalized. You didn't get pneumonia. And you didn't die."

Ian Roth: For the Mayo Clinic News Network, I'm Ian Roth.

Oct. 05, 2024 See more In-depth

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