血凝块是凝胶样血块。当血凝块是因割伤等损伤形成时，会堵塞受损的血管止血。此类血凝块有助于身体愈合。
有些血凝块在静脉内部无合理原因形成，而且并未自然地溶解。这些血凝块可能需要医疗护理，特别是当其位于腿部、肺部或脑部时。许多医疗状况可能引起这种类型的血凝块。
当血液的某些组分变稠，形成半固态团块时，血凝块形成。这个过程可能由损伤诱发，有时也可能在无明显损伤的血管内部出现。
如出现下列情况，请寻求急救护理：
- 咳嗽并伴有血痰。
- 心跳加速。
- 头晕眼花。
- 呼吸困难或疼痛。
- 胸部疼痛或胸闷。
- 疼痛蔓延至肩膀、手臂、背部或下颚。
- 面部、手臂或腿部突然无力或有麻木感。
- 突然说话困难或很难理解别人的说话内容。
如果您的手臂或腿部出现上述症状，请咨询医务人员。
- 肿胀。
- 皮肤颜色改变，如腿部某一区域呈异常红色或紫色。
- 温热。
- 疼痛。
自我护理措施
为了降低形成血凝块的风险，请尝试以下措施：
- 避免久坐。如果您乘坐飞机旅行，请不时到过道上走动。长途汽车旅行时，请经常停车四处走动。
- 运动。在做完手术或一直卧床休息后，越早起床活动越好。
- 旅行时饮用足量液体。脱水会增加出现血凝块的风险。
- 改变生活方式。减重、降低高血压、戒烟以及定期运动。
显示参考文献
- Blood clots. American Society of Hematology. https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-clots. Accessed April 23, 2023.
- Your guide to preventing and treating blood clots. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/disease/bloodclots.html. Accessed April 23, 2023.
- Loscalzo J, et al., eds. Bleeding and thrombosis. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed April 23, 2023.
- Understand your risk for excessive blood clotting. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism/understand-your-risk-for-excessive-blood-clotting. Accessed April 23, 2023.
- Blood clotting disorders: Causes. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/clotting-disorders/causes. Accessed April 23, 2023.
- What is venous thromboembolism? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/facts.html. Accessed April 23, 2023.
- Loscalzo J, et al., eds. Arterial and venous thrombosis. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed April 23, 2023.
- Caforio ALP. COVID-19: Cardiac manifestations in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 23, 2023.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/symptoms/blood-clots/basics/causes/sym-20050850