概述

少突神经胶质瘤是一种始于脑或脊髓的细胞生长物。生长物(称为肿瘤)始于少突胶质细胞。这些细胞可生成保护神经细胞的物质,并促进脑部和脊髓中的电信号流动。

少突神经胶质瘤最常见于成人,但任何年龄段的人均可能发病。症状包括癫痫发作、头痛和身体某个部位无力或失能。身体的发病部位取决于受肿瘤影响的脑或脊髓的部位。

只要可能,都会采用手术治疗。有时候,如果肿瘤位于手术器械难以到达的部位,则无法进行手术。如果无法切除肿瘤或手术后可能复发,可能需要进行其他治疗。

症状

少突神经胶质瘤的体征和症状包括:

  • 平衡问题。
  • 行为变化。
  • 记忆问题。
  • 身体一侧有麻木感。
  • 说话问题。
  • 思维不清晰。
  • 癫痫发作。

何时就医

如果您因持续存在的症状而担忧,请与医生或其他医务人员约诊。

病因

导致少突神经胶质瘤的病因通常尚不明确。这种肿瘤最开始是脑或脊髓中的细胞生长物,这种肿瘤形成于少突胶质细胞。少突胶质细胞帮助保护神经细胞并帮助脑中的电信号传导。

少突神经胶质瘤发生在少突胶质细胞中的 DNA 出现变化的情况下。细胞 DNA 含有指示细胞活动的指令。在正常细胞中,DNA 指令让细胞按设定速度生长和增殖。这些指令会指示细胞在设定的时间死亡。在肿瘤细胞中,发生变化的 DNA 给出了不同的指令。这些变化指示肿瘤细胞迅速生长和增殖。正常细胞应该死亡时,肿瘤细胞还能继续存活。这会导致细胞过多。

肿瘤细胞形成一个生长物;随着体积变大,生长物可能压迫附近的脑或脊髓部位。有时,DNA 变化会将肿瘤细胞转变为癌细胞。癌细胞可以侵入并破坏健康的身体组织。

风险因素

少突神经胶质瘤的风险因素包括:

  • 辐射暴露史。 头颈部辐射史会增加患病风险。
  • 成年年龄。 这种肿瘤可发生于任何年龄段。但更常见于四五十岁的成人。
  • 白人。 少突神经胶质瘤最常发生在没有西班牙裔血统的白人身上。

目前尚无预防少突神经胶质瘤的方法。

Oct. 08, 2025

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