瘀点

    2026 年 8 月 19 日

    定义

    瘀点是皮肤上形成的针尖状圆形斑点。瘀点由出血引起,因此呈红色、棕色或紫色。这些小斑点常常成群结队形成,看起来可能像皮疹。通常摸起来平坦,按上去不褪色。有时在口腔内表面或眼睑上出现。

    瘀点很常见,可以由多种不同状况引起。有些瘀点可能很严重。

    原因

    微血管(称为毛细血管)将您动脉的最小部分连接到您静脉的最小部分。毛细血管出血时会出现瘀点,血液渗入皮肤。出血可能由下列原因引起:

    • 持续用力
    • 药物
    • 医疗状况

    持续用力

    面部、颈部和胸部的小斑点可能是由咳嗽、呕吐、分娩或举重物而导致的长时间用力所致。

    药物

    瘀点可能是由于服用某些类型的药物所致,包括苯妥英纳(Cerebyx、Dilantin-125 等)、青霉素和奎宁(Qualaquin)。

    传染病

    瘀点可能由真菌、病毒或细菌感染引起。这些类型感染的示例包括:

    其他医疗状况

    瘀点可能由其他医疗状况引起。示例包括:

    以下显示该症状的相关常见原因。请与医生或其他医务人员配合,以获得准确诊断。

    何时就医

    导致皮肤上出现小圆点(称为瘀点)的某些原因可能很严重。如果您全身出现瘀点,或不能确定瘀点原因,请尽快联系您的医护团队成员。

    1. Gottlieb M, et al. Dermatologic manifestations and complications of COVID-19. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020: doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.011.
    2. Bolognia JL, et al. Purpura and disorders of microvascular occlusion. In: Dermatology Essentials. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 2, 2021.
    3. Soutor C, et al., eds. The differential diagnosis of purpura. In: Clinical Dermatology: Diagnosis and Management of Common Disorders. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    4. Kelly AP, et al., eds. Bacterial infections. In: Taylor and Kelly's Dermatology for Skin of Color. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill; 2016. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    5. Gawkrodger DJ, et al. Vascular and lymphatic diseases. In: Dermatology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    6. High WA, et al., eds. Morphology of primary and secondary skin lesions. In: Dermatology Secrets. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    7. Bennett JE, et al., eds. The acutely ill patient with fever and rash. In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    8. Strep throat: All you need to know. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html?CD. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    9. Leukemia. American Society of Hematology. https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-cancers/leukemia. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    10. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/immune-thrombocytopenia. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.
    11. Madden CC, et al., eds. Skin problems in the athlete. In: Netter's Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 2, 2023.

    SYM-20050724

    一份馈赠,无穷力量——今天就来伸出援手!

    您的捐赠可以抵税。请您慷慨解囊,和我们一起进行尖端研究和医护,共同推动医学的改变。