脑病变往往具有特征性外观,这种外观将有助于医生确定其起因。出现异常区域的原因有时不能仅依据图像诊断,可能需要额外或随访检查来诊断。
脑病变的已知可能起因包括:
- 脑动脉瘤
- 脑动静脉畸形(脑 AVM)
- 脑肿瘤 (癌症性和非癌症性病变)
- 脑炎 (脑炎症)
- 癫痫
- 脑积水
- 多发性硬化症
- 卒中
- 创伤性脑损伤
虽然任何种类的脑外伤都可能导致脑震荡以及脑病灶,但脑震荡和脑病灶不是一回事。脑震荡更经常地甚至在 CT 扫描或 MRI 时不引起任何变化的情况下发生,并且依据症状而不是影像学检查来诊断。
下面列出了与该症状有关的常见病因。请与您的医生或其他医疗中心的专家配合,寻求更准确的诊断结果。
July 02, 2022
- Sandeman EM, et al. Incidental findings on brain MR imaging in older community-dwelling subjects are common but serious medical consequences are rare: A cohort study. PLOS One. 2013;8:e71467.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). National Multiple Sclerosis Society. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Diagnosing-Tools/MRI. Accessed Aug. 14, 2017.
- Maher CO, et al. Incidental findings on brain and spine imaging in children Pediatrics. 2015;135:e1084.
- Cole AJ. Magnetic resonance imaging changes related to acute seizure activity. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 14, 2017.
- Sports-related concussion. Merck Manual Professional Version http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/traumatic-brain-injury-tbi/sports-related-concussion. Accessed Aug. 14, 2017.