皱纹

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概述

皱纹是衰老的自然表现。这些皮肤上的纹路和褶皱最容易出现在经常暴露在阳光下的皮肤部位，如面部、颈部、手和前臂。污染物和抽烟也会加速衰老进程。每天使用防晒霜和戒烟有助于防止一些皱纹的产生。

如果皱纹给您造成困扰，有很多方法可以帮助抚平和淡化皱纹。这些方法包括药物、皮肤磨削技术、填充剂和手术。

症状

皱纹是皮肤上形成的纹路和褶皱。一些皱纹可能变得很深，在眼睛、口腔和颈部周围尤其明显。

何时就诊

如果您担忧自己皮肤的外观，请咨询专攻皮肤领域的医生。这类专家称为皮肤科医生。医生可以评估您的皮肤，帮助您制定皮肤护理计划，并与您讨论皱纹处理方法。

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病因

皱纹可由多种因素导致，有些因素可控，有些则无法控制：

  • 年龄。随着年龄的增长，皮肤会自然失去弹性和水分，深层的脂肪和胶原蛋白也会减少。此过程会导致皮肤产生典型的皱纹纹路和褶皱，也会导致皮肤松弛和下垂。
  • 紫外线（UV）照射。日晒和其他来源的紫外线照射会加速皮肤的衰老进程，尤其是在容易晒伤的人群中。紫外线照射会分解皮肤中的弹性蛋白纤维和胶原蛋白。没有支撑性结缔组织，皮肤就会失去韧性和弹性。
  • 抽烟和污染。抽烟和空气污染会加速衰老进程。
  • 重复的面部表情。面部动作和表情会导致皮肤产生细纹和皱纹。例如，每次眯眼、微笑和皱眉，都会在皮肤表层下形成微小的凹槽。皮肤在老化过程中会逐渐失去弹性，无法再恢复原状。这些凹槽就会变成面部特征。
  • 家族史。您经遗传获得的基因将在很大程度上决定您皮肤的外观和触感。

预防

以下是一些减缓日晒和皱纹其他成因所造成影响的建议：

  • 保护皮肤免受 UV 照射。避免进行室内晒黑，限制在太阳下的活动时间，尤其是在正午时。当在太阳下活动时，应穿戴好防晒衣物，如宽边帽、长袖衬衫和太阳镜。此外，全年每天使用防晒霜。选择 SPF 至少为 30 的广谱防晒霜，即使是在阴天也不例外。涂抹大量防晒霜。每两小时补涂一次，游泳或出汗时还应提高涂抹频率。

  • 清洁面部并做好保湿措施。皮肤干燥会使充盈的皮肤细胞皱缩，从而过早产生细纹和皱纹。养成每天轻柔洗脸和保湿的习惯。保湿能帮助皮肤锁住水分。

    保湿产品通常含有减少细纹和皱纹的活性成分。请寻找视黄醇、烟酰胺和维生素 C 等成分。许多此类产品还含有广谱防晒霜。阅读产品说明书，了解何时以及如何涂抹。含有视黄醇或类视黄醇的产品不适合孕妇使用。

    另一种无需处方即可购买的的产品是阿达帕林（Differin）。这是一种维生素 A 衍生制品，可帮助预防细纹和皱纹。

    您可能需要定期使用相关产品数周甚或数月时间，才能发现皮肤状况的改善。或者您也可能完全看不到任何变化。无需处方即可购买的保湿产品和抗皱霜不属于药物，因此不需要进行科学研究来证明其功效。如果您对效果不满意，请向您的医疗护理团队了解含有处方强效抗皱成分（如类视黄醇）的保湿产品。

  • 不要抽烟。即使抽烟多年或大量抽烟，您还是可以通过戒烟来改善皮肤状况和预防皱纹产生。
  • 健康饮食。有证据显示，膳食中的特定维生素有助于保护皮肤。营养成分对于预防皱纹产生所发挥的作用尚需更多研究证实，但多吃水果和蔬菜是一个良好的习惯。

来自妙佑医疗国际员工

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

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March 01, 2024
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