概述

转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌(mCRPC)是指已经扩散至前列腺以外的部位且对激素治疗不再产生反应的前列腺癌前列腺癌激素治疗也被称为雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT),可降低体内的睾酮(一种激素)水平。前列腺癌细胞通常依赖睾酮生长。

在医疗领域,去势意味着将睾酮降至非常低的水平。这几乎总是用药物来实现,但手术也可以降低睾酮水平。激素治疗药物通常可在数年内控制癌症的生长。随着时间的推移,许多癌症会产生耐药性并再度开始生长,即使睾酮保持在较低水平也是如此。如果发生这种情况,则被称为去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)。

CRPC 可能是非转移性的,也可能是转移性的。非转移性 CRPC(nmCRPC)意味着影像学检查在前列腺以外的部位检测不到任何癌症。如果影像学检查在身体其他部位发现癌灶,则被视为 mCRPC。

医务人员将癌症扩散称为转移。转移性前列腺癌是指癌症从前列腺扩散到身体其他部位。有时,前列腺癌会扩散,且激素治疗有助于对其进行控制。这种前列腺癌被称为转移性去势敏感性前列腺癌(mCSPC)。如果癌症扩散,且对激素治疗药物不再产生反应,则被视为 mCRPC。

转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌有很多治疗方法。虽然治疗可以帮助控制病情并延长生存期,但不太可能治愈癌症。治疗方法可能包括激素治疗、化疗、靶向治疗、放射性药物疗法等。您也可以考虑参加临床试验。

描述转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌的其他术语包括转移性激素抵抗性前列腺癌和转移性 ADT 抵抗性前列腺癌。

症状

转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌在初期并不一定会引发症状。这种癌症发生在前列腺癌扩散而且激素治疗不再有效时。有时会在引发症状之前通过血液检测或影像学检查发现。

患有去势抵抗性前列腺癌本身并不会引起特定症状。症状通常出现在癌变部位长大到足以引起症状时。

症状可能包括:

  • 开始排尿困难。
  • 排尿费力。
  • 尿流弱。
  • 背痛。
  • 骨痛。
  • 手臂和腿部无力。
  • 发生骨折但没有明显原因(例如事故或跌倒)。
  • 感觉非常疲倦。

何时就医

如果出现任何令人担忧的症状,请与医生或其他医务人员约诊。

病因

如果前列腺癌在激素治疗后仍然继续生长和扩散,就会发生转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌。激素治疗通过药物或手术降低体内睾酮水平。前列腺癌细胞通常依赖睾酮生长。

对于大多数前列腺癌而言,激素治疗在初期有助于控制病情。癌细胞最终可能找到无需依赖睾酮也能生长的方法。在激素治疗期间仍能生长的癌细胞被称为去势抵抗性癌细胞。很难预测前列腺癌会在多久后对激素治疗产生耐药性。在接受激素治疗的患者中,约有一半会在 2 至 3 年内产生耐药性,约有一半在 2 至 3 年后才产生耐药性。

医务人员认为,发生这种情况可能是因为:

  • 有些癌细胞不需要依赖睾酮也能生长。 如果大多数癌细胞需要依赖睾酮生长,那么激素治疗在初期可能有效控制病情。但如果某些癌细胞不需要依赖睾酮也能生长,则可能持续生长和增殖。随着时间的推移,这些癌细胞可能会逐渐增多。
  • 有些癌细胞对治疗的反应发生改变。 癌细胞可能会对治疗产生抵抗性而发生改变。癌细胞发生改变后,即使在治疗持续进行的情况下也能生长和增殖。有时,接受激素治疗的前列腺癌会发展成治疗相关神经内分泌前列腺癌。这种类型的前列腺癌对激素治疗具有抵抗性。

转移性前列腺癌是由癌细胞从前列腺脱落并扩散到身体其他部位所致。如果前列腺癌不再对激素治疗产生反应,则被视为转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌。

前列腺癌细胞可能通过血液或淋巴系统扩散。如果前列腺癌扩散,则最常扩散至:

  • 淋巴结。
  • 骨骼。
  • 肝脏。
  • 肺。

风险因素

转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌没有风险因素。

April 29, 2026

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