脑转移瘤

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概述

当癌细胞从原发部位扩散到脑时，就会发生脑转移。任何癌症都可能扩散到脑。但最常见的传播类型是肺、乳腺、结肠、肾脏和黑色素瘤。

脑转移可在脑内形成一个或多个肿瘤。随着它们的生长，它们会对周围的脑组织造成压力。这可能会导致头痛、人格改变、意识模糊、癫痫发作、视力改变、说话困难、麻木感、无力或失衡等症状。

对于癌症扩散到脑的患者，治疗可能包括手术、放射疗法、免疫疗法、靶向治疗或化疗。可能采用其他治疗来减轻癌症引起的疼痛和症状。

症状

脑转移引起的症状可能有所不同。它们取决于位置、大小和增长速度。

脑转移的症状包括：

  • 头痛，有时伴有呕吐或恶心。
  • 精神变化，例如记忆力问题渐增。
  • 癫痫发作。
  • 身体一侧无力或麻木感。
  • 视力改变。
  • 说话困难或理解语言困难。
  • 失衡。

何时就诊

如果出现令您担心的持续体征或症状，请与医疗护理专业人员约诊。如果您曾经接受过癌症治疗，请将您的病史告知医生。

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病因

当癌细胞从原发位置扩散时，就会引起脑转移。细胞可能通过血流或淋巴系统转移并扩散到脑部。

从原发位置扩散的癌症根据原发性癌症命名。例如，从乳房扩散到脑部的癌症称为转移性乳腺癌，而不是脑癌。

风险因素

任何类型的癌症都可能扩散到脑。一些更有可能扩散的类型包括：

  • 肺癌。
  • 乳腺癌。
  • 结肠癌。
  • 肾癌。
  • 黑色素瘤。

来自妙佑医疗国际员工

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

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诊断与治疗
Nov. 20, 2024
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