Description
Rauwolfia alkaloid and thiazide diuretic combinations are used in the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension).
High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.
Rauwolfia alkaloids work by controlling nerve impulses along certain nerve pathways. As a result, they act on the heart and blood vessels to lower blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics help to reduce the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine. This also helps to lower blood pressure.
These medicines are available only with your doctor's prescription.
Before Using
Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Pediatric
Although there is no specific information comparing use of these medicines in children with use in other age groups, these medicines are not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than they do in adults.
Geriatric
Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. Although there is no specific information comparing use of rauwolfia alkaloid and thiazide diuretic combinations in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults. However, drowsiness, dizziness, or faintness or symptoms of too much potassium loss may be more likely to occur in the elderly, who are more sensitive to the effects of rauwolfia alkaloids and thiazide diuretics.
Pregnancy
Too much use of thiazide diuretics (contained in this combination medicine) during pregnancy may cause unwanted effects including jaundice, blood problems, and low potassium in the baby. Too much use of rauwolfia alkaloids may cause difficult breathing, low temperature, and loss of appetite in the baby. This medicine has not been shown to cause birth defects in humans. In rats, use of rauwolfia alkaloids during pregnancy decreases newborn survival rates. Be sure that you have discussed this with your doctor before taking this medicine.
Breastfeeding
Rauwolfia alkaloids pass into breast milk and may cause unwanted effects (difficult breathing, low temperature, loss of appetite) in infants of mothers taking it in large doses. Thiazide diuretics also pass into breast milk. Be sure you have discussed this with your doctor before taking this medicine.
Drug Interactions
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Other Interactions
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Other Medical Problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of medicines in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
- Allergies or other breathing problems such as asthma—Rauwolfia alkaloids can cause breathing problems.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus—Thiazide diuretics may change the amount of diabetes medicine needed.
- Gallstones or
- Stomach ulcer or
- Ulcerative colitis—Rauwolfia alkaloids increase activity of the stomach, which may make the condition worse.
- Gout (history of)—Thiazide diuretics may increase the amount of uric acid in the blood, which can lead to gout.
- Heart disease—Rauwolfia alkaloids can cause heart rhythm problems or slow heartbeat.
- Kidney disease—Some patients may not do well when blood pressure is lowered by this medicine. If kidney disease is severe, thiazide diuretics may not work.
- Liver disease—If thiazide diuretics cause loss of too much water from the body, liver disease can become much worse.
- Lupus erythematosus (history of)—Thiazide diuretics may worsen the condition.
- Mental depression (or history of)—Rauwolfia alkaloids cause mental depression.
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of pancreas)
- Parkinson's disease—Rauwolfia alkaloids can cause parkinsonism-like effects.
- Pheochromocytoma
Proper Use
In addition to the use of the medicine your doctor has prescribed, treatment for your high blood pressure may include weight control and care in the types of foods you eat, especially foods high in sodium. Your doctor will tell you which of these are most important for you. You should check with your doctor before changing your diet.
Many patients who have high blood pressure will not notice any signs of the problem. In fact, many may feel normal. It is very important that you take your medicine exactly as directed and that you keep your appointments with your doctor even if you feel well.
Remember that this medicine will not cure your high blood pressure but it does help control it. Therefore, you must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You may have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life. If high blood pressure is not treated, it can cause serious problems such as heart failure, blood vessel disease, stroke, or kidney disease.
This medicine may cause you to have an unusual feeling of tiredness when you begin to take it. You may also notice an increase in the amount of urine or in your frequency of urination. After you have taken the medicine for a while, these effects should lessen. In general, to keep the increase in urine from affecting your sleep:
- If you are to take a single dose a day, take it in the morning after breakfast.
- If you are to take more than one dose a day, take the last dose no later than 6 p.m., unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
However, it is best to plan your dose or doses according to a schedule that will least affect your personal activities and sleep. Ask your health care professional to help you plan the best time to take this medicine.
To help you remember to take your medicine, try to get into the habit of taking it at the same time each day.
If this medicine upsets your stomach, it may be taken with meals or milk. If stomach upset (nausea, vomiting, stomach pain or cramps) continues, check with your doctor.
Dosing
The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For deserpidine and hydrochlorothiazide combination
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
- Adults—1 tablet two times a day.
- Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For high blood pressure:
For deserpidine and methyclothiazide combination
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
- Adults—One-half to 1 tablet a day.
- Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For high blood pressure:
For rauwolfia serpentina and bendroflumethiazide combination
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
- Adults—1 to 4 tablets a day.
- Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For high blood pressure:
For reserpine and chlorothiazide combination
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
- Adults—1 or 2 tablets one or two times a day.
- Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For high blood pressure:
For reserpine and chlorthalidone combination
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
- Adults—1 or 2 tablets once a day.
- Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For high blood pressure:
For reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide combination
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
- Adults—1 tablet one to four times a day.
- Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For high blood pressure:
For reserpine and methyclothiazide combination
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
- Adults—1 to 4 tablets a day.
- Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For high blood pressure:
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Precautions
It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly.
Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This especially includes over-the-counter (nonprescription) medicines for appetite control, asthma, colds, cough, hay fever, or sinus problems, since they may tend to increase your blood pressure.
Before having any kind of surgery (including dental surgery), or emergency treatment, tell the medical doctor or dentist in charge that you are taking this medicine.
This medicine may cause a loss of potassium from your body.
- To help prevent this, your doctor may want you to:
- eat or drink foods that have a high potassium content (for example, orange or other citrus fruit juices), or
- take a potassium supplement, or
- take another medicine to help prevent the loss of the potassium in the first place.
- It is very important to follow these directions. Also, it is important not to change your diet on your own. This is more important if you are already on a special diet (as for diabetes), or if you are taking a potassium supplement or a medicine to reduce potassium loss. Extra potassium may not be necessary and, in some cases, too much potassium could be harmful.
Check with your doctor if you become sick and have severe or continuing vomiting or diarrhea. These problems may cause you to lose additional water and potassium.
This medicine may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally. This is more likely to happen when you begin to take it or when you increase the amount of medicine you are taking. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.
Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur, especially when you get up from a lying or sitting position. This is more likely to occur in the morning. Getting up slowly may help. When you get up from lying down, sit on the edge of the bed with your feet dangling for 1 or 2 minutes. Then stand up slowly. If the problem continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.
The dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting is also more likely to occur if you drink alcohol, stand for a long time, exercise, or if the weather is hot. While you are taking this medicine, be careful to limit the amount of alcohol you drink. Also, use extra care during exercise or hot weather or if you must stand for a long time.
In some patients, this medicine may cause mental depression. Tell your doctor right away:
- if you or anyone else notices unusual changes in your moods.
- if you start having early-morning sleeplessness or unusually vivid dreams or nightmares.
This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, other allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are taking this medicine.
For diabetic patients:
- This medicine may raise blood sugar levels. While you are using this medicine, be especially careful in testing for sugar in your urine. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.
Some people who take this medicine may become more sensitive to sunlight than they are normally. Exposure to sunlight, even for brief periods of time, may cause severe sunburn; skin rash, redness, itching, or discoloration; or vision changes. When you begin taking this medicine:
- Stay out of direct sunlight, especially between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., if possible.
- Wear protective clothing, including a hat and sunglasses.
- Apply a sun block product that has a skin protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Some patients may require a product with a higher SPF number, especially if they have a fair complexion. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.
- Do not use a sunlamp or tanning bed or booth.
- If you have a severe reaction from the sun, check with your doctor.
If you have a severe reaction from the sun, check with your doctor.
This medicine often causes stuffiness in the nose. However, do not use nasal decongestant medicines without first checking with your health care professional.
This medicine may cause dryness of the mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if dry mouth continues for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.
Side Effects
Suggestions that rauwolfia alkaloids may increase the risk of breast cancer occurring later have not been proven. However, rats and mice given 100 to 300 times the human dose had an increased risk of tumors.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common
- Drowsiness or faintness
- impotence or decreased sexual interest
- lack of energy or weakness
- mental depression or inability to concentrate
- nervousness or anxiety
- vivid dreams or nightmares or early-morning sleeplessness
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common
- Black, tarry stools
- bloody vomit
- chest pain
- headache
- irregular or slow heartbeat
- joint pain
- shortness of breath
Rare
- Painful or difficult urination
- skin rash or itching
- sore throat and fever
- stiffness
- stomach pain (severe) with nausea and vomiting
- trembling and shaking of hands and fingers
- unusual bleeding or bruising
- yellow eyes or skin
Symptoms of too much potassium loss or overdose
- Dry mouth
- increased thirst
- muscle cramps or pain
- nausea or vomiting
Other signs and symptoms of overdose
- Dizziness or drowsiness, severe
- flushing of skin
- pinpoint pupils of eyes
- slow pulse
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
- Diarrhea
- dizziness, especially when getting up from a lying or sitting position
- loss of appetite
- stuffy nose
After you stop using this medicine, it may still produce some side effects that need attention. During this period of time check with your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following side effects:
- Drowsiness or faintness
- impotence or decreased sexual interest
- irregular or slow heartbeat
- lack of energy or weakness
- mental depression or inability to concentrate
- nervousness or anxiety
- vivid dreams or nightmares or early-morning sleeplessness
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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