概述

主动脉根手术是一种治疗主动脉扩大部分(又称主动脉瘤)的手术。主动脉是将血液从心脏输送到身体其他部位的大血管。主动脉根部位于主动脉和心脏连接处。

靠近主动脉根的主动脉瘤可能是由一种名为马方综合征的遗传病症导致。其他诱因包括先天性心脏问题,如二叶主动脉瓣。

目的

主动脉根手术旨在预防:

  • 主动脉破裂。
  • 主动脉壁层之间撕裂,称为主动脉夹层。
  • 主动脉瓣拉伸。

这些事件的风险取决于主动脉根的大小和扩大的原因。对于具有高风险的人群,建议进行主动脉根手术。

风险

The risks of aortic root surgery are generally high compared with other nonemergency surgery. Risks include:

  • Bleeding that needs additional surgery.
  • Aortic regurgitation.
  • Death.

The risks are higher when aortic root surgery is done as an emergency treatment for aortic dissection or aortic rupture.

Aortic root surgery is done when the likely preventive benefits outweigh the risks of surgery.

如何进行准备

进行主动脉根手术前,与医务人员讨论最适合您病情的治疗方法或手术。另外还需讨论手术的益处和风险。

可能出现的情况

主动脉根手术有几种类型,包括:

  • 主动脉瓣和主动脉根置换术,也称为复合主动脉根部置换术。外科医生切除部分主动脉和主动脉瓣。然后,用人造管(移植血管)替换主动脉段。主动脉瓣可以使用机械瓣膜或生物瓣膜置换。植入机械瓣膜的患者需要终身服用血液稀释药物(血液稀释剂),以防形成血凝块。血液稀释剂也称为抗凝血剂。
  • 保留瓣膜的主动脉根修复术。外科医生用移植物置换主动脉的扩大部分。主动脉瓣将保持在原位。外科医生使用一项技术在植入物内部缝合瓣膜。

如果有其他心脏疾病,外科医生可以在主动脉根手术期间同时进行治疗。

结果

Aortic root surgery can prolong the life of people with aortic aneurysms. In hospitals with experienced surgical teams, the survival rate five years after surgery is around 90%. Survival rates are lower for people who have the surgery after an aortic dissection or aortic rupture or who need a repeat surgery.

临床试验

探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法,旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。

Nov. 27, 2024
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