打印 概述 肾上腺 打开弹出式对话框 关闭 肾上腺 肾上腺 肾上腺位于肾脏上方,其分泌的激素可协助调节新陈代谢、免疫系统、血压及其他重要功能。尽管体积微小,肾上腺调控着人体大部分活动。 神经母细胞瘤是一种起源于神经母细胞的癌症。神经母细胞是未成熟的神经细胞。它们存在于身体的多个部位。 神经母细胞瘤最常发生于肾上腺中的神经母细胞。肾上腺位于每侧肾脏的顶部。这些腺体分泌调控重要身体功能的激素。含有神经母细胞并可能形成神经母细胞瘤的其他身体部位包括脊柱、腹部、胸部和颈部。 神经母细胞瘤通常影响 5 岁及以下儿童。症状因其在体内的发生部位而异。 某些类型的神经母细胞瘤可能自愈。其他类型的神经母细胞瘤则需要治疗。治疗方法包括手术、化疗、放射疗法和骨髓移植。医疗护理团队将选择最适合您孩子的神经母细胞瘤治疗方法。产品与服务书籍:《妙佑医疗国际家庭健康手册》简报:妙佑医疗国际卫生来信 — 数字版显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状神经母细胞瘤的体征和症状因身体受累部位的不同而异。这种癌症起源于被称为神经母细胞的未成熟神经细胞。神经母细胞存在于身体的多个部位。 腹部神经母细胞瘤可能引发以下症状: 腹部疼痛。 皮下肿块,通常触之不痛。 腹泻或便秘。 胸部神经母细胞瘤可能引发以下症状: 哮鸣。 呼吸困难。 眼睛变化,包括眼睑下垂和瞳孔大小不等。 其他可能提示神经母细胞瘤的症状包括: 皮下组织肿块。 眼球看上去从眼眶中向外鼓出。 眼睛周围类似瘀伤的黑眼圈。 背痛。 发热。 非刻意的体重下降。 骨痛。 何时就诊Contact your child's healthcare professional if your child has any symptoms that worry you. Mention any changes in your child's behavior, habits or appearance. 申请预约 病因神经母细胞瘤的病因尚不明确。这种癌症起源于被称为神经母细胞的未成熟神经细胞。神经母细胞存在于身体的多个部位。 神经母细胞瘤起源于神经母细胞的 DNA 发生变化。细胞的 DNA 含有指示细胞工作的指令。在健康细胞中,DNA 会发出指令让细胞以一定的速度生长和增殖。这些指令会指示细胞在设定的时间死亡。而在癌细胞中,DNA 的变化给出了不同的指令。这些变化指示癌细胞快速生长和增殖。在正常细胞应该死亡时,癌细胞仍继续存活。这会导致细胞过多。 癌细胞可能形成一个肿块,称为肿瘤。肿瘤可能生长、侵入并破坏健康的机体组织。随着时间的推移,癌细胞可能会脱离原发病灶并扩散至身体其他部位。发生扩散的癌症被称为转移性癌。 风险因素儿童患神经母细胞瘤的风险较高。这种癌症最常见于 5 岁及以下儿童人群。 有神经母细胞瘤家族史的儿童可能更易罹患这种疾病。但是医疗护理专业人员认为只有少数神经母细胞瘤是遗传性的。 目前尚无预防神经母细胞瘤的已知方法。 并发症神经母细胞瘤的并发症可能包括: 癌症扩散。 随着时间推移,癌细胞可能扩散到身体其他部位。神经母细胞瘤细胞最常扩散到淋巴结、骨髓、肝脏、皮肤和骨骼。发生扩散的癌症被称为转移性癌。 脊髓受压。 神经母细胞瘤可能增大并压迫脊髓,造成脊髓受压。脊髓受压可能导致疼痛和瘫痪。 癌症分泌物引发的症状。 神经母细胞瘤细胞可能分泌刺激其他组织的化学物质。受刺激的组织可能引发被称为副肿瘤综合征的症状。副肿瘤综合征的症状可能包括快速眼动和协调障碍。其他症状包括腹部肿胀和腹泻。 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 在 Mayo Clinic 治疗 申请预约 诊断与治疗 Sept. 30, 2025 打印 Living with 神经母细胞瘤? Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Blood Cancers & Disorders support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. Blood Cancers & Disorders Discussions Anyone have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)? 139 Replies Fri, Oct 03, 2025 chevron-right Will soon have a Bone Marrow Transplant: What can I expect? 24 Replies Fri, Oct 03, 2025 chevron-right Essential thrombocythemia (ET): When to start hydroxyurea (HU)? 88 Replies Fri, Oct 03, 2025 chevron-right See more discussions 显示参考文献 Shohet JM, et al. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and staging evaluation of neuroblastoma. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 17, 2025. Shohet JM, et al. Treatment and prognosis of neuroblastoma. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 17, 2025. Bunik M, et al., eds. Neoplastic disease. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Oct. 12, 2024. Neuroblastoma treatment (PDQ) – Patient version. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/patient/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq. 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