打印 概述绝经是指月经永久停止。在没有月经、阴道出血或点滴出血 12 个月后即可确诊。绝经可能发生在 40 多岁或 50 多岁。但美国的平均年龄是 51 岁。 绝经是自然现象。但例如潮热之类的身体症状和绝经的情绪症状可能会扰乱睡眠,让您精力不充沛或影响情绪。有许多治疗方法,从生活方式改变到激素治疗。产品与服务书籍:《绝经期新规》妙佑医疗国际商店的各种女性健康产品显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状大多数情况下,绝经随时间的推移而发生。绝经前的几个月或几年称为围绝经期或绝经过渡期。 在过渡期,卵巢中的激素含量会有所变化。围绝经期可持续 2 至 8 年。平均约四年。 激素变化可能导致如下症状: 经期不规律。 阴道干涩症。 潮热。 盗汗。 睡眠问题。 情绪变化。 难以找到词语和记忆,通常称为脑雾。 不同的人有不同的绝经症状。最常见的情况是,月经在结束前不规律。 围绝经期停经很常见,也很正常。通常,会有一个月停经然后再恢复。或者有几个月停经,然后再次开始几个月的每月一次月经周期。 月经周期在围绝经期早期往往缩短,因此月经会更接近。随着绝经越来越近,月经间隔也拉长至数月,直到最终结束。 在此期间您仍然可以怀孕。如果您有一次停经,但不确定是否是由于绝经所致,请考虑进行妊娠测试。 何时就诊在绝经前、绝经期间和绝经后,请继续到医疗护理专业人员处就诊,以了解健康问题和医疗问题。如果出现绝经后阴道出血,请尽快到医疗护理专业人员处就诊。更多信息绝经后出血:正常吗?绝经后阴道干涩症:怎么治疗? 申请预约 There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more. 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Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry 病因绝经的原因可能包括: 激素自然下降。临近 40 岁时,卵巢产生的控制月经的激素开始减少。也就是雌激素和黄体酮。这些激素的水平较低,使怀孕变得困难。 在您 40 多岁时,您的月经期可能变长也可能变短,月经量可能变多也可能变少,月经频率可能增加也可能减少。随着时间的推移,卵巢将停止释放卵子。然后您就不再有月经了。这种情况平均发生在 51 岁左右。 切除卵巢的手术,被称为卵巢切除术。卵巢产生激素,包括雌激素和黄体酮,以控制月经周期。手术切除卵巢会导致立即绝经。 您的月经停止。您可能出现潮热和其他绝经期症状。症状可能很严重,因为手术导致激素突然下降,而不是几年内缓慢下降。 切除子宫而不切除卵巢的手术,称为子宫切除,通常不会导致立即绝经。您不会再有月经。但是在一段时间内,您的卵巢仍会释放卵子并产生雌激素和黄体酮。 化疗和放射疗法。这些癌症疗法可能导致绝经。它们可能会在治疗期间或治疗后不久引起潮热等症状。化疗后有时月经会恢复。那么您仍然可以怀孕。因此,您可能希望继续使用避孕措施。 针对骨盆、腹部和下背脊柱的放射疗法可能导致绝经。辐射全身进行干细胞移植也可能导致绝经。身体其他部位(例如乳腺组织或头颈部)的放射疗法不会影响绝经。 原发性卵巢功能不全。约 1% 的患者在 40 岁之前绝经。这称为过早绝经。过早绝经可能是由于卵巢不能产生正常水平的激素。这被称为原发性卵巢功能不全。它可能是由基因改变或自身免疫性疾病而引起。 往往找不到过早绝经的病因。医疗护理专业人员最常建议激素治疗。至少在典型的绝经年龄之前进行激素治疗可以保护大脑、心脏和骨骼。 风险因素出生指定性别为女性者会出现绝经。主要风险因素是达到绝经年龄。 其他风险因素包括: 切除卵巢的手术。 某些癌症治疗。 并发症绝经后,您出现某些医疗状况的风险会增加。示例包括: 心脏和血管疾病。这也称为心血管疾病。当您的雌激素水平下降时,您出现心血管疾病的风险就会增加。心脏病是导致男性和女性死亡的主要原因。 骨骼弱化(称为骨质疏松)。这种状况会让骨骼变脆弱,导致骨折的风险增加。绝经后最初几年期间,骨密度可能会迅速下降。这会增加出现骨质疏松的风险。绝经后经常骨折的骨骼包括脊柱、髋部和手腕。 小便失禁(称为尿失禁)。由于阴道和尿道的组织发生变化,您可能经常突然出现强烈的小便冲动。然后您可能有漏尿行为,称为急迫性尿失禁。您也可能在咳嗽、大笑或抬举重物时漏尿,这被称为压力性尿失禁。您出现尿路感染的频率可能增加。 性问题。绝经会导致阴道变干并失去弹性。这可能会在性交过程中引起不适和轻微出血。而且,该部位的感觉减弱可能会降低您对性的渴望(即性欲)。 体重增长。许多女性在绝经期间和绝经后体重增长,原因是卡路里燃烧(称为代谢)减慢。 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请预约 诊断与治疗 Nov. 26, 2024 打印 显示参考文献 Menopause basics. Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics. Accessed April 2, 2024. Casper RF. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 2, 2024. What is menopause? National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/what-menopause. Accessed April 2, 2024. How will I know I'm in menopause? Menopause stages, symptoms, & signs. North American Menopause Society. https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopauseflashes/menopause-symptoms-and-treatments/are-we-there-yet-navigate-now-with-our-guided-menopause-tour. Accessed April 2, 2024. Martin KA, et al. Treatment of menopausal symptoms with hormone therapy. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 2, 2024. Menopause. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-use-tests/menopause. Accessed April 2, 2024. The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of the North American Menopause Society. The Journal of the North American Menopause Society. 2023; doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000002200. FAQs: The menopause years. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/the-menopause-years. Accessed April 2, 2024. AskMayoExpert. Menopausal hormone therapy. Mayo Clinic; 2023. AskMayoExpert. Hot flashes. Mayo Clinic; 2023. Gatenby C, et al. Menopause: Physiology, definitions and symptoms. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2024; doi:10.1016/j.beem.2023.101855. Five solutions for menopause symptoms. North American Menopause Society. https://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopauseflashes/menopause-symptoms-and-treatments/five-solutions-for-menopause-symptoms. Accessed April 2, 2024. Menopausal symptoms: In depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/menopausal-symptoms-in-depth. Accessed Sept. 3, 2024. Menopausal symptoms due to cancer treatment. Cancer.net. https://www.cancer.net/coping-with-cancer/physical-emotional-and-social-effects-cancer/managing-physical-side-effects/menopausal-symptoms-due-cancer-treatment. Accessed April 3, 2024. Marnach ML (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. April 8, 2024. 相关 女性中的睾酮疗法 激素治疗 生物等同激素:是否更安全? 绝经后出血:正常吗? 绝经后阴道干涩症:怎么治疗? 绝经期激素治疗:是否会导致阴道出血? 显示更多相关内容 相关医疗程序 针刺疗法 Mayo Clinic 新闻 Mayo Clinic Minute: Menopause and the heart connection June 09, 2024, 11:00 a.m. CDT Hormone therapy: Four things a Mayo Clinic women's health specialist wants you to know May 02, 2024, 04:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Minute: Managing sleep during menopause Oct. 18, 2023, 01:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Minute: Breast health during menopause Oct. 09, 2023, 04:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Minute: Does menopause cause brain fog? June 07, 2023, 03:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Minute: Combating weight gain during menopause May 15, 2023, 04:31 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Minute: Why alcohol and menopause can be a dangerous mix May 05, 2023, 02:14 p.m. CDT Menopause: Ensuring a tranquil transition April 26, 2023, 03:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic study puts price tag on cost of menopause symptoms for women in the workplace April 26, 2023, 12:10 p.m. CDT Menopause symptoms: Mayo Clinic expert outlines hormone and nonhormonal therapies Jan. 19, 2023, 01:37 p.m. CDT 显示更多来自妙佑医疗国际的新闻 产品与服务 书籍:《绝经期新规》 妙佑医疗国际商店的各种女性健康产品 显示更多来自妙佑医疗国际的产品和服务 绝经期症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室 Advertisement 妙佑医疗国际不为任何公司或产品背书。广告收入为我们的非营利使命提供支持。 广告与赞助政策 政策 机会 广告选择 妙佑医疗国际出版社 浏览妙佑医疗国际出版社提供的畅销书以及书籍和简报的特别优惠。 NEW: Listen to Health Matters Podcast - 妙佑医疗国际出版社NEW: Listen to Health Matters Podcast《妙佑医疗国际论失禁》(Mayo Clinic on Incontinence) - 妙佑医疗国际出版社《妙佑医疗国际论失禁》(Mayo Clinic on Incontinence)《糖尿病基本知识》 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社《糖尿病基本知识》妙佑医疗国际论平衡和听觉 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际论平衡和听觉妙佑医疗国际免费饮食方案评估 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际免费饮食方案评估妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费书籍 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费书籍 CON-20314567 患者护理和健康信息 疾病与状况 绝经期
There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more. Click to view a preview and subscribe below. Email Address 1 ErrorEmail field is required ErrorInclude a valid email address Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the email. Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry