打印 概述间质性肺疾病表示一大堆疾病,其中大多数疾病会引起肺组织形成进行性瘢痕。与间质性肺病相关的瘢痕最终会影响呼吸和向血流提供足够氧气的能力。 长期接触危险物质(如石棉)可引发间质性肺病。某些类型的自身免疫病(如类风湿关节炎)也可引发间质性肺病。但是,某些情况下的病因仍然未知。 一旦出现肺瘢痕,则瘢痕通常是不可逆的。药物可减缓间质性肺病的损伤,但许多人再也无法完全恢复肺部功能。部分间质性肺病患者可以选择肺移植。产品与服务书籍:《妙佑医疗国际家庭健康手册》简报:妙佑医疗国际卫生来信 — 数字版显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状间质性肺病的主要体征和症状有: 休息时或因劳累而加重的气短 干咳 何时就诊 当症状出现时,不可逆的肺损伤已经时常发生。尽管如此,在出现呼吸问题的首次体征时就医至关重要。除间质性肺病以外的许多疾病都会影响您的肺部,早期准确的诊断对于正确的治疗非常重要。 申请预约 病因 肺部细支气管和肺泡 打开弹出式对话框 关闭 肺部细支气管和肺泡 肺部细支气管和肺泡 在肺部,主要气道(称为支气管)分支成越来越小的通路。最小的气道称为细支气管,其末端是被称为肺泡的微小气囊。 间质性肺病似乎是由肺部损伤引起的,这种损伤会引发异常的愈合反应。通常,您的身体会生成适量的组织来修复损伤。但在间质性肺病中,修复过程出现了偏差,气囊(肺泡)周围的组织会形成疤痕和增厚。这使得氧气更难进入您的血液。 间质性肺病可能由许多不同的因素引起,包括工作场所空气中的毒素、药物和某些类型的医学治疗。大多数情况下,病因不详。 职业及环境因素 长期暴露于大量毒素和污染物会对您的肺造成损害。其中可能包括: 矽尘 石棉样纤维 粮食粉尘 鸟粪和动物粪便 放疗 室内热水浴缸 一些接受放射疗法的肺癌或乳腺癌患者在最初治疗数月或数年后就会出现肺损伤的迹象。 药物 许多药物会损害肺部,特别是以下药物: 化疗药物。用于杀死癌细胞的药物,如甲氨蝶呤(Otrexup、Trexall 等)和环磷酰胺,也会损害肺组织。 心脏用药。一些用于治疗心律不齐的药物,如胺碘酮(Nexterone、Pacerone)或普萘洛尔(Inderal、Innopran)可能对肺组织造成伤害。 一些抗生素。呋喃妥因(Macrobid、Macrodantin 等)和乙胺丁醇 (Myambutol) 均可引起肺损伤。 抗炎药。某些抗炎药,如利妥昔单抗 (Rituxan) 或柳氮磺吡啶(Azulfidine、Azulfidine)可引起肺损伤。 医学疾病 自身免疫病也会导致肺损伤,比如: 类风湿关节炎 硬皮病 皮肌炎和多肌炎 混合性结缔组织病 干燥综合征 结节病 很多物质和疾病可能导致间质性肺病。即便如此,在很多情况下无法找到具体病因。病因不明的疾病被归为特发性间质性感染性肺炎,其中最常见和致命的是特发性肺纤维化。 风险因素增加患间质性肺病风险的因素包括: 年龄。间质性肺病更常见于成人,但婴儿和儿童有时也会患这种疾病。 暴露于职业和环境毒素。如果您从事采矿、耕作或建筑工作,或者如果暴露于已知会损伤您肺部的污染物,则患上间质性肺病的风险会增加。 胃食管反流病。如果您患有无法控制的胃酸反流或消化不良,可能会增加患间质性肺病的风险。 抽烟。某些形式的间质性肺病更常见于有吸烟史的人群,主动吸烟可能使病情加重,尤其是伴有肺气肿时。 放疗和化疗。对胸部进行放射治疗或使用某些化疗药物会增加患肺病的风险。 并发症间质性肺病可导致一系列危及生命的并发症,包括: 肺部高血压(肺高压)。不同于全身性高血压,这种疾病仅会影响肺部动脉。它在疤痕组织或低氧水平阻碍最小的血管,限制肺部的血液流动时产生。这转而增加了肺动脉内的压力。肺高压是一种渐进加重的严重疾病。 右心心力衰竭(肺源性心脏病)。当心脏右下腔(右心室)肌肉没有左心室发达时,必须比平时更用力地输送血液通过受阻的肺动脉,就会发生这种严重的情况。最终,右心室会因为额外的压力而衰竭。这通常是肺高压导致的。 呼吸衰竭。在慢性间质性肺病的末期,当严重的低血氧水平以及肺动脉和右心室的压力升高导致心力衰竭时,就会发生呼吸衰竭。 预防To prevent interstitial lung disease, avoid exposure to toxins at work, such as asbestos, coal dust and silica dust. Also, avoid exposure to toxins in the environment, such as bird protein, mold and bacteria. If you must be around these toxins, protect yourself by wearing a respirator. Other ways to prevent ILD include not smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke. If you have an autoimmune disease or are taking medicines that raise your risk of getting ILD, talk with your healthcare professional about steps you can take to prevent ILD. Also, get vaccinated because respiratory infections can make symptoms of ILD worse. Be sure you get the pneumonia vaccine and a flu shot each year. Also, ask your healthcare professional about getting vaccinated for pertussis, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, also called RSV. 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 在 Mayo Clinic 治疗 申请预约 诊断与治疗 April 25, 2023 打印 Living with 间质性肺病? Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Transplants support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. Transplants Discussions Transplant anti-rejection medications. What's your advice? 369 Replies Mon, Dec 09, 2024 chevron-right Anyone waiting for liver transplant and diagnosed with liver cancer? 37 Replies Fri, Dec 06, 2024 chevron-right Liver transplant - Let's support each other 1618 Replies Tue, Dec 03, 2024 chevron-right See more discussions 显示参考文献 Raghu G, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline: Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. An update of the 2011 clinical practice guideline. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2015;192:e3. Goldman L, et al., eds. Interstitial lung disease. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 17, 2017. Mason RJ, et al. Patholody: Malignant and interstitial lung diseases. In: Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 17, 2017. Ferri FF. Interstitial lung disease. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 17, 2017. Martinez FJ, et al. The diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current and future approaches. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2017;5:61. Han Q, et al. Diagnostic yield and postoperative mortality associated with surgical lung biopsy for evaluation of interstitial lung diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2015;149:1394. King CS, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Effects and optimal management of comorbidities. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2017;5:72. Canestaro WJ, et al. Drug treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Chest. 2016;149:756. Ueki N, et al. Impact of pretreatment interstitial lung disease on radiation pneumonitis and survival after stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2015;10:116. Sato T, et al. Long-term results and predictors of survival after surgical resection of patients with lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases. Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2015;149:64. King TE. Approach to the adult with interstitial lung disease: Clinical evaluation. https://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed May 17, 2017. King TE. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. https://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed May 17, 2017. Celli BR. Pulmonary rehabilitation. https://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed May 17, 2017. Bellini LM. Nutritional support in advanced lung disease. https://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed May 17, 2017. Mayo Clinic. U.S. News & World Report. http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/mn/mayo-clinic-6610451/pulmonology. Accessed May 17, 2017. Warner KJ. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 30, 2017. AskMayoExpert. Interstitial lung disease. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2016. Moua T (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. May 19, 2017. King TE. Approach to the adult with interstitial lung disease: Diagnostic testing. https://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed May 23, 2017. Morisset J, et al. Use of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine for the management of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2017;151:619. Mathai SC, et al. Management of interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease. BMJ. 2016;352:h6819. AskMayoExpert. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. 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