اختبار نيتروجين اليوريا في الدم (BUN)

22/08/2026

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Testing for chronic kidney disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/testing/index.html. Accessed May 12, 2026.
Inker LA, et al. Assessment of kidney function. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 12, 2026.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International. 2024; doi:10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018.
Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. May 13, 2026.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test. Testing.com. https://www.testing.com/tests/blood-urea-nitrogen-bun/. Accessed July 16 2026.
How to do venous blood sampling. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/how-to-do-peripheral-vascular-procedures/how-to-do-venous-blood-sampling. Accessed July 16, 2026.

PRC-20198841

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