Root canal treatment
A root canal helps save a badly damaged or infected tooth. The dentist removes the diseased pulp and places a crown over the tooth.
来自妙佑医疗国际员工Overview of root canal treatment
根管治疗是修复和保留严重受损或感染牙齿的治疗方法，无需拔除受累牙齿。“根管”一词来源于清洁牙齿根部内的管路。几十年前，根管治疗往往十分痛苦。随着牙科医学的进步和局部麻醉剂的使用，大多数人在进行根管治疗时几乎没有疼痛感。事实上，患龋齿可能更痛。根管治疗的替代方案包括拔出受损牙齿，并用种植牙、牙桥或可摘局部义齿替代。
Root canal is a treatment to repair and save a badly damaged or infected tooth instead of removing it. The term "root canal" comes from cleaning out the canals inside a tooth's root.
Decades ago, root canal treatments often were painful. With dental advances and numbing medicine known as a local anesthetic, most people now feel little or no pain during a root canal. In fact, it's probably more painful living with a decayed tooth.
Options other than a root canal include removing the damaged tooth with no more treatment or removing and replacing the tooth with a dental implant, bridge or removable partial denture.
牙髓是牙齿中的柔软内部组织。牙髓从牙冠（能够看见的牙齿结构）一直延伸至位于下颌骨的牙根尖。牙髓由神经、血管和结缔组织构成。如果牙齿碎裂或出现较深的龋洞，细菌便可能进入牙髓。如果不予治疗，细菌和龋坏组织可能导致严重感染或者牙脓肿，导致牙髓坏死、骨量丢失和牙齿脱落。体征和症状可能包括面部和颈部肿胀、牙齿上有洞、牙痛、牙龈肿胀和对温度敏感。
Why you may need a root canal
Teeth have a soft core called dental pulp. The pulp extends from the crown, which is the part of the tooth you can see, to the tip of the tooth's root in the jawbone. The pulp contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue.
When a tooth is cracked or chipped or has a deep cavity, bacteria can enter the pulp. Injury to the tooth also can cause pulp damage and inflammation. If not treated, bacteria and decaying material can cause a serious infection or a collection of pus called an abscess. This can lead to pulp death, bone loss and loss of the tooth itself. Symptoms may include swelling around your face and neck, a hole in your tooth, toothache or tooth pain, gum swelling, and being sensitive to hot or cold drinks or food.
根管治疗通常由牙髓病专家或普通牙科医生进行。根管治疗通常需要进行一到三次。首先，您要做牙科 X 线检查来检查损伤程度。您还需要接受局部麻醉来控制疼痛，如果牙齿脓肿，疼痛可能会更严重。然后需要在您的口腔中放入一个称为牙用橡皮障的橡胶样薄片，以保持牙齿清洁、保护牙齿和清除口腔中的唾液。医生将清除龋齿，然后从牙冠开一个口，以进入牙髓室。医生将使用小型牙科器械切除感染或病变的牙髓。
Getting started on root canal treatment
A root canal usually is done by a general dentist or a specialist called an endodontist. The root canal usually takes one or two visits. Sometimes more visits are needed because some teeth are harder to treat.
First, you have dental X-rays to check the amount of damage to your tooth. You also get numbing medicine to control pain during the procedure. A rubberlike sheet called a dental dam is placed in your mouth around the tooth to keep the tooth clean, protected and free of saliva. Your dentist or endodontist removes the decay and makes an opening through the crown of the tooth to get to the pulp chamber. The infected or diseased pulp is removed using small dental instruments.
移除病变牙髓后，医生会将牙髓室和根管冲洗干净。根管可以重塑和扩大，以便之后更好地进行填充。在永久性填充根管之前，应清除所有感染并令其干燥。有时会在牙髓室和根管处用药，以清除任何感染。牙齿可能需要保持打开状态数日，以进行引流。如果感染已经扩散到牙齿以外，您可能需要抗生素治疗。如果根管需要多次检查，则医生将在牙冠处放置一个临时填充物，以保护牙齿并防止碎屑和唾液进入。在完全治愈和康复之前，不要使用此牙齿咬合或咀嚼。
Clearing up root canal infection
After the diseased pulp is removed, the pulp chamber and root canals are flushed and cleaned. The root canals may be reshaped and made larger so it's easier to get into them for filling. The root canals are cleaned of all infection and dried before they are permanently filled. Medicine sometimes is put into the pulp chamber and root canals to clear any infection. If the infection has spread beyond the tooth, you may need a prescription for antibiotics.
After the root canal, you may have a short-term filling called a temporary filling. This is placed in the crown to protect the tooth and keep out food bits and saliva. Avoid biting or chewing on the tooth until it's been permanently treated and restored.
清洁和干燥之后，即可填充牙齿内部（空的髓室和牙根管）。此步骤可能无需进行额外麻醉。如果您的牙齿有临时填料，医生会将其取出以进入牙齿内部。先使用封闭剂和橡胶混合物填充牙齿，然后补牙，以确保牙根管不受唾液影响。
Filling the root canals
After the tooth has been cleaned out and dried, it's time to fill the inside of the tooth, including the empty pulp chamber and root canals. You may not need more numbing medicine for this step. If you had a temporary filling, it's taken out to get inside the tooth. First, a sealer paste and rubber compound is used to fill the root canals. After this, a dental filling is placed to protect the root canals from saliva.
根管治疗的最后阶段是修复牙齿。由于牙齿内通常放有较大的填充物，或因大面积蛀蚀而变得不坚固，因此需要保护，防止更多受损，同时让其恢复正常功能，通常是镶嵌一颗类似真牙的人造牙冠。牙冠由黄金、陶瓷或融合了金属的陶瓷制成。可以给牙冠略微染色，以与其他牙齿的颜色相配。有时，必须先在牙齿中插入金属柱，提供结构支撑以固定牙冠。询问您的牙医或牙髓病学家是否有其他修复方案。
Final stage of a root canal
The final stage of the root canal is restoring your tooth. The tooth typically has a large filling or is weakened from a large area of decay. The tooth needs to work well again and needs protection from future damage. This is usually done by placing an artificial crown. A crown is a realistic-looking artificial cap that's placed over the tooth.
A crown typically is made of gold, porcelain or porcelain fused to metal. But other materials may be used. Crowns made of porcelain or porcelain fused to metal can be tinted to match the color of your other teeth. If a lot of the tooth structure is missing, you may need a metal post placed in the tooth for support and to keep the crown in place. Ask your dentist or endodontist about other options for restoring your tooth.
牙根管治疗后，带新牙冠的修复牙可以应该正常工作，外观美观大方。如果您保持良好的牙齿和口腔卫生，您修复的牙齿可终身使用。牙根管治疗后的前几天，牙齿可能比较敏感。非处方止痛药可能有所帮助。如果疼痛或压力持续数天以上，请务必咨询牙医或牙髓医生。
After your root canal
After your root canal, your restored tooth with the new crown should work like a natural tooth and look pleasing. If you follow good dental and oral care, your restored tooth could last a lifetime.
The first few days after your root canal, the tooth may be sensitive. Pain medicines that you can buy without a prescription may help. If pain or pressure lasts more than a few days, talk to your dentist or endodontist.
Aug. 09, 2025
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