短肠综合征

概述

短肠综合征是指由于部分小肠缺失或受损，导致身体无法从食物中吸收足够营养物质的医疗状况。

小肠是在消化过程中吸收大多数您所摄入营养物质的部位。

如果出现以下情况，则可能发生短肠综合征：

• 通过手术切除了部分小肠。可能需要通过手术切除很大一部分小肠的医疗状况包括克罗恩病、癌症、创伤性损伤以及向肠提供血液的动脉中形成血凝块。
• 出生时部分小肠缺失或损伤。婴儿在出生时可能小肠过短或小肠受损而必须通过手术切除。

短肠综合征的治疗通常包括采用特殊饮食和营养补充剂。可能需要通过静脉输注提供营养（肠外营养），以防止营养不良。

症状

短肠综合征的常见症状可能包括：

• 腹泻。
• 大便油腻、恶臭
• 疲劳。
• 体重减轻。
• 营养不良。
• 腿部和足部肿胀，即水肿。

病因

短肠综合征的病因包括在手术中切除了部分小肠，或者出生时部分小肠缺失或受损。可能需要通过手术切除部分小肠的病症包括克罗恩病、癌症、受伤和血栓形成。

风险因素

Risk factors for short bowel syndrome include the following:

• Surgery to remove part of the small intestine to treat another medical condition increases the risk of short bowel syndrome.
• Premature birth and very low birth weight increase the risk of a small intestine that is not fully developed or has a condition that requires surgery to remove part of the bowel.

并发症

A lack of essential vitamins and minerals can cause many complications:

• Low amounts of oxygen-rich red blood cells.
• Bone diseases or weak, fragile bones.
• Delayed growth and development of children.
• Other conditions caused by vitamin deficiencies.

Long-term complications can include:

• Frequent diarrhea.
• Dehydration.
• Food allergies and intolerance in children.
• Overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine.
• Liver disease.
• Gallstones.
• Kidney stones and poor kidney function.
• Ulcers of the stomach and the tube from the mouth to the stomach, called the esophagus.
• Malnutrition.
• Lack of expected growth and development in infants or children.
• Complications related to IV lines and feeding tubes used for nutrition.