概述
短肠综合征是指由于部分小肠缺失或受损，导致身体无法从食物中吸收足够营养物质的医疗状况。
小肠是在消化过程中吸收大多数您所摄入营养物质的部位。
如果出现以下情况，则可能发生短肠综合征：
- 通过手术切除了部分小肠。可能需要通过手术切除很大一部分小肠的医疗状况包括克罗恩病、癌症、创伤性损伤以及向肠提供血液的动脉中形成血凝块。
- 出生时部分小肠缺失或损伤。婴儿在出生时可能小肠过短或小肠受损而必须通过手术切除。
短肠综合征的治疗通常包括采用特殊饮食和营养补充剂。可能需要通过静脉输注提供营养（肠外营养），以防止营养不良。
症状
短肠综合征的常见症状可能包括：
- 腹泻。
- 大便油腻、恶臭
- 疲劳。
- 体重减轻。
- 营养不良。
- 腿部和足部肿胀，即水肿。
病因
短肠综合征的病因包括在手术中切除了部分小肠，或者出生时部分小肠缺失或受损。可能需要通过手术切除部分小肠的病症包括克罗恩病、癌症、受伤和血栓形成。
风险因素
Risk factors for short bowel syndrome include the following:
- Surgery to remove part of the small intestine to treat another medical condition increases the risk of short bowel syndrome.
- Premature birth and very low birth weight increase the risk of a small intestine that is not fully developed or has a condition that requires surgery to remove part of the bowel.
并发症
A lack of essential vitamins and minerals can cause many complications:
- Low amounts of oxygen-rich red blood cells.
- Bone diseases or weak, fragile bones.
- Delayed growth and development of children.
- Other conditions caused by vitamin deficiencies.
Long-term complications can include:
- Frequent diarrhea.
- Dehydration.
- Food allergies and intolerance in children.
- Overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine.
- Liver disease.
- Gallstones.
- Kidney stones and poor kidney function.
- Ulcers of the stomach and the tube from the mouth to the stomach, called the esophagus.
- Malnutrition.
- Lack of expected growth and development in infants or children.
- Complications related to IV lines and feeding tubes used for nutrition.