诊断

在诊断腹膜炎时,医务人员会询问您的病史并进行体格检查。如果腹膜炎与腹膜透析有关,医务人员可能仅根据症状就足以诊断出疾病。

如果需要进行更多检查来确诊,医务人员可能会建议进行:

  • 血液检测。可能采集您的血液样本,以检查抗击疾病的白细胞是否增加。白细胞增加通常是感染或发炎的体征。您可能还需要接受血液培养物检测,以了解您的血液中是否有细菌。
  • 影像学检查。您可能需要接受 X 线检查,以检查消化道是否有穿孔或其他撕裂。您还可能需要接受声波检查,以获得身体内部的图像,称为超声波检查。在某些情况下,您可能需要接受 CT 扫描。
  • 腹膜液分析。在这项检查中,医务人员会用细针抽取腹膜液的样本。如果您正在接受腹膜透析或因肝病导致腹部积液,您更有可能接受这项检查。该液体中的白细胞计数增加通常表明有感染或炎症。也可能是使用液体培养物查找细菌。

治疗

自发性细菌性腹膜炎可能危及生命。需要住院治疗。治疗方案包括使用抗生素。还包括支持性护理,以缓解症状。

还需要住院治疗继发性腹膜炎。治疗方法可包括:

  • 抗生素。可能会通过静脉注射抗生素药物。这可以清除感染并防止其扩散。需要使用的抗生素类型以及持续使用的时间会有所不同。这取决于状况的严重程度和所患腹膜炎的种类。
  • 外科手术。通常需要手术清除感染的组织,治疗感染原因,并防止感染扩散。如果腹膜炎是由阑尾、胃或结肠破裂引起,则进行手术至关重要。
  • 其他治疗方法。根据您的症状,在医院期间的治疗可能包括:
    • 止痛药。
    • 通过导管给予液体,称为静脉输液。
    • 吸氧。
    • 在某些情况下,需要输血。

如果您接受腹膜透析

如果您患有腹膜炎,医务人员可能会建议您通过其他方式接受透析。当您的身体从感染中痊愈后,您可能需要接受数天其他类型的透析。如果腹膜炎持续存在或复发,您可能需要完全停止腹膜透析,并改用其他类型的透析。

更多信息

April 06, 2023
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