概述

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(pNET)是一类可能在胰腺中分泌激素的细胞中产生的癌症。胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤也称为胰岛细胞癌,是一种非常罕见的癌症。

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤始于通常在胰腺中的分泌激素的小细胞(胰岛细胞)。

一些胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤细胞持续分泌激素(也称为功能性肿瘤),在您体内产生太多的特定激素。这些类型的示例包括胃泌素瘤和胰高血糖素瘤。

很多时候,这些肿瘤并不分泌过量的这些激素(也称为非功能性肿瘤)。

症状

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤有时没有症状。如果有,那么症状和体征可能包括:

  • 胃溃疡
  • 胃灼热
  • 糖尿病
  • 虚弱
  • 疲劳
  • 肌肉痛性痉挛
  • 消化不良
  • 腹泻
  • 体重减轻
  • 皮疹
  • 便秘
  • 腹部或背部疼痛
  • 皮肤或眼睛发黄
  • 低血糖

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a health care professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

病因

目前还不清楚大多数胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的病因。

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的发生是由于胰腺中产生激素的细胞(胰岛细胞)的 DNA 发生变化(突变),其中 DNA 负责向体内每一个化学过程发出指令。DNA 突变会导致这些指令的改变。这可能会导致细胞生长开始失控,最终形成肿瘤,即癌细胞团。有时癌细胞会分裂并扩散到其他器官,比如肝脏。

一些遗传综合征会增加患胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的风险,包括:

  • 多发性内分泌腺瘤病 1 型 (MEN 1) 综合征
  • 希佩尔-林道综合征
  • 冯·雷克林豪森病(神经纤维瘤病 1 型)
  • 结节性硬化症

风险因素

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤风险增加的相关因素包括:

  • 身为男性。男性比女性更易出现这些肿瘤。
  • 有胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的家族史。如果一位家庭成员被诊断患有胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤,您的患病风险增加。您可能患有多发性内分泌腺瘤病 1 型 (MEN 1) 综合征,这会增加患该类型肿瘤的风险。

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

Aug. 12, 2023

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