诊断

用于诊断鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的检查和程序包括:

  • 使用内镜摄像头观察鼻腔内部和鼻窦。在鼻内镜检查过程中,一根末端装有灯和摄像头的细管将被插入您的鼻子。摄像头会将图像发送到显视器,医生可用来寻找异常情况。
  • 收集细胞样本进行检测(活检)。如果医生在鼻内镜检查过程中发现了异常,可用特殊工具收集组织样本。该样本会送往实验室进行检测。
  • 通过影像学检查创建鼻腔和鼻窦图像。用于观察鼻腔和鼻窦的成像技术,包括电子计算机断层扫描(CT扫描)和磁共振成像(MRI)。

您的医生可能会根据具体病情,建议您进行额外的检查和程序。

Using a tiny camera to see inside the nasal cavity and sinuses

Nasal endoscopy is a procedure to look inside the nose. It uses a thin tube with a light and camera. The tube is inserted into your nose. The camera sends pictures to a computer for your healthcare team to look at. These pictures help your team look for any signs of a tumor.

Removing a tissue sample for testing

A biopsy is a procedure to collect a sample of tissue for testing. For nasal and paranasal tumors, the procedure involves taking a sample of cells from inside the nose or sinuses. Often a healthcare professional gets the sample during a nasal endoscopy. Special tools can go through the tube to take the cells. Another type of biopsy uses a thin needle that's inserted directly into the suspicious area to collect a sample of cells. The samples are sent to a lab to be tested. In the lab, tests can show whether the cells are cancerous.

Imaging tests

Imaging tests capture pictures of the inside of the body. The pictures can show the size and location of a tumor. Imaging tests used for nasal and paranasal tumors may include X-rays and scans such as CT, MRI and positron emission tomography, also called PET.

Your healthcare team may suggest more tests and procedures based on your condition.

治疗

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的治疗取决于肿瘤所在的位置以及涉及的细胞类型。医护团队将与您一起制定最适合您特定肿瘤的治疗计划。

外科手术

大多数鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的治疗方法是通过外科手术切除肿瘤。手术方案可能包括:

  • 开放手术。外科医生可能需要在您的鼻子或嘴巴附近做一个切口,以便进入鼻腔或鼻窦。然后,外科医生切除肿瘤以及可能受影响的任何区域,例如附近的骨头。
  • 微创手术治疗。在某些情况中,外科医生可以使用鼻内镜和特殊工具处理肿瘤。这些工具通过鼻腔插入,外科医生可以利用小型摄像头进行手术。

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤位于头部的关键结构附近,例如脑、眼睛和控制视力的神经。外科医生会设法尽可能减少对这些区域的损伤。

Other treatments for nasal and paranasal cancers

Cancerous nasal and paranasal tumors might need other treatments to control the cancer cells. Options might include:

  • Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, a machine directs beams of energy to specific points on the body to kill the cancer cells there.

    Radiation might be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that remain. If surgery isn't an option, treatment might start with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. Surgery might not be an option if the cancer grows large or spreads.

  • Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used after surgery to kill any remaining cells. Sometimes chemotherapy is done at the same time as radiation therapy because it makes the radiation work better.
  • Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a treatment with medicine that helps your body's immune system kill cancer cells. Your immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn't be in your body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. Immunotherapy might be used when the cancer spreads to other parts of the body and other treatments haven't helped.

临床试验

探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法,旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。

妥善处理与支持

发现自己患肿瘤或癌症可能让人崩溃和恐惧。积极配合治疗可以帮助稳定您的情绪。为了帮助您应对这一难关,请尝试:

  • 尽可能多了解肿瘤知识,以便做出有关治疗的决定。询问医生自己所患肿瘤的信息,包括是否会发生癌变、治疗方案选择,以及预后情况(如果您想知道)。您对癌症了解得越全面,越能自信地作出治疗决策。
  • 与家人朋友保持亲密关系。与他人保持牢固的密切关系有助于您对抗癌症。家人朋友能够提供您切实需要的支持,例如当您住院时帮助照顾家里。在您崩溃时,他们会给您精神支持。
  • 找人聊天。找一位愿意听您诉说希望和恐惧的倾听者。这个人可以是您的朋友,也可以是您的家人。咨询师、医务社工、神职人员或癌症互助组的关心与理解,可能也会对您有所帮助。

    询问医生您所在地区的互助组信息,或联系癌组织,例如国家癌症研究所或美国癌症学会。

准备您的预约

如果您出现任何令自己担心任何体征或症状,请与医生约诊。

如果医生认为您可能患有鼻肿瘤或鼻腔肿瘤等疾病,医生可能将您转诊给一名专门治疗耳、鼻和咽喉相关疾病的医生(耳鼻喉科医生)。

由于就诊时间可能很短,而且经常需谈论很多方面的问题,因此请你最好提前做好准备。以下信息可有助于您做好准备。

您可以做什么

  • 了解就诊前是否有任何限制规定。当您预约时,询问是否需要提前做好准备,例如限制您的饮食。
  • 写下您目前的症状,包括看似与您的约诊原因无关的任何症状。
  • 写下关键的个人信息,包括主要压力或近期的生活变化。
  • 列出您正在服用的所有药物、维生素或补充剂清单。
  • 请家人或朋友陪同。有时很难记住就诊时医务人员告知的所有信息。陪同人员可帮您记住您遗漏或忘记的信息。
  • 写下要向医生咨询的问题

由于就诊时间有限,请提前准备好问题清单以便充分利用就诊时间。请按照从最重要至最不重要的顺序列出问题,以免时间不够。对于鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤,要询问医生的基本问题包括:

  • 我是否患有癌症?
  • 我的肿瘤长在哪里?
  • 我还需要接受哪些检测?
  • 我有哪些治疗选择?
  • 有没有最适合我的肿瘤类型的治疗方法?
  • 每种治疗方法有哪些潜在的副作用?
  • 我是否需要第二诊疗意见?您能为我推荐一些专家吗?
  • 我有资格参与临床试验吗?
  • 有没有我可以带走的手册或其他印刷材料?您是否可以推荐一些网站供我查阅信息?
  • 我应该根据什么因素来决定是否安排复诊?

医生可能做些什么

医生可能会询问您一些问题。请为回答这些问题做好准备,好让您有时间询问您想解决的问题。您的医生可能会问:

  • 您是什么时候开始出现症状的?
  • 您的症状是持续存在还是偶尔出现?
  • 您的症状有多严重?
  • 有没有什么因素似乎会令您的症状好转?
  • 有没有什么因素似乎会令您的症状恶化?

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

Oct. 24, 2023

Living with 鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤?

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  2. Flint PW, et al., eds. Benign tumors of the sinonasal tract. In: Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 7, 2023.
  3. Flint PW, et al., eds. Malignancies of the paranasal sinus. In: Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 7, 2023.
  4. Ami TR. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic. May 15, 2023.
  5. Niederhuber JE, et al., eds. Cancer of the head and neck. In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 7, 2023.
  6. Head and neck cancers. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1437. Accessed June 7, 2023.
  7. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/view-all. Accessed June 7, 2023.

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