鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤

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概述

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤最初表现为鼻内和鼻内通道周围（鼻腔）细胞增殖异常。鼻腔肿瘤始发于鼻腔。鼻旁肿瘤始发于鼻周围的充气腔室，即鼻旁窦。

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤可能不会癌变（良性），也可能癌变（恶性）。鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤有几种类型。确定所患肿瘤类型有助于确定最适合的治疗方法。

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症状

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的体征和症状可能包括：

  • 鼻呼吸困难
  • 嗅觉丧失
  • 鼻出血
  • 流鼻涕
  • 面部肿胀或疼痛
  • 流眼泪
  • 口腔上颚溃疡或病变
  • 视力问题
  • 颈部肿块
  • 张嘴困难

何时就诊

如果有任何持续的体征和症状令您担心，请咨询您的医生。

病因

当基因突变导致正常的健康细胞转变为异常细胞时，会形成鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤。健康细胞以一定速度生长和增殖，并最终在固定的时间死亡。异常细胞的生长和增殖不受控制，且不会死亡。异常细胞聚集并形成团块（肿瘤）。

如果异常细胞发生癌变，它们可能侵入周围组织，并从最初的肿瘤部位分离，扩散（转移）至身体的其他部位。

风险因素

可能增加患鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的因素包括：

  • 有吸烟习惯以及与吸烟者呆在一起
  • 吸入空气污染物
  • 长期在工作中接触空气中的化学物质和刺激性物质，例如木屑、胶烟、外用酒精和甲醛，以及面粉、铬和镍产生的粉尘
  • 感染人乳头瘤病毒（HPV），这是一种常见的性传播感染

预防

为降低鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的风险，您可以：

  • 戒烟。如果您不吸烟，请保持。如果您吸烟并且想戒烟，可以咨询医生有哪些策略能够帮助您戒烟，例如咨询或药物治疗。
  • 在工作中保护自己。遵守工作场所安全守则，以保护自己免受空气中有害烟雾和刺激物的伤害，例如戴口罩。

来自妙佑医疗国际员工

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

申请预约
诊断与治疗
Sept. 25, 2021
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  14. Kilic S, et al. Significance of human papillomavirus positivity in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. 2017;7:980.

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