概述

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤最初表现为鼻内和鼻内通道周围(鼻腔)细胞增殖异常。鼻腔肿瘤始发于鼻腔。鼻旁肿瘤始发于鼻周围的充气腔室,即鼻旁窦。

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤可能不会癌变(良性),也可能癌变(恶性)。鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤有几种类型。确定所患肿瘤类型有助于确定最适合的治疗方法。

症状

鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的体征和症状可能包括:

  • 鼻呼吸困难
  • 嗅觉丧失
  • 鼻出血
  • 流鼻涕
  • 面部肿胀或疼痛
  • 流眼泪
  • 口腔上颚溃疡或病变
  • 视力问题
  • 颈部肿块
  • 张嘴困难

何时就诊

如果有任何持续的体征和症状令您担心,请咨询您的医生。

病因

当基因突变导致正常的健康细胞转变为异常细胞时,会形成鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤。健康细胞以一定速度生长和增殖,并最终在固定的时间死亡。异常细胞的生长和增殖不受控制,且不会死亡。异常细胞聚集并形成团块(肿瘤)。

如果异常细胞发生癌变,它们可能侵入周围组织,并从最初的肿瘤部位分离,扩散(转移)至身体的其他部位。

风险因素

可能增加患鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的因素包括:

  • 有吸烟习惯以及与吸烟者呆在一起
  • 吸入空气污染物
  • 长期在工作中接触空气中的化学物质和刺激性物质,例如木屑、胶烟、外用酒精和甲醛,以及面粉、铬和镍产生的粉尘
  • 感染人乳头瘤病毒(HPV),这是一种常见的性传播感染

预防

为降低鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤的风险,您可以:

  • 戒烟。如果您不吸烟,请保持。如果您吸烟并且想戒烟,可以咨询医生有哪些策略能够帮助您戒烟,例如咨询或药物治疗。
  • 在工作中保护自己。遵守工作场所安全守则,以保护自己免受空气中有害烟雾和刺激物的伤害,例如戴口罩。

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

Sept. 25, 2021

Living with 鼻腔与鼻旁窦肿瘤?

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