特发性嗜睡症

诊断

医务人员通常会询问您的症状，并讨论您的个人病史，以诊断特发性嗜睡症。您还可能会进行体格检查。您可能需要进行多项检查来诊断您的状况或排除可能导致症状的其他状况。

讨论您的家族史和服用的药物很重要。您必须在至少三个月内每天过度嗜睡才能诊断为特发性嗜睡症。

以下工具也可能有助于诊断特发性嗜睡症：

• 爱普沃斯嗜睡量表。医务人员可能要求您用这个工具来评估嗜睡程度，以帮助确定睡眠如何影响您的日常生活。
• 睡眠日记。医务人员可能要求您记录睡眠日记，记录每天睡觉和醒来的时间，从而帮助了解您的睡眠模式和睡眠时长。
• 多导睡眠图。在这项检查中，您需要在睡眠中心过夜。多导睡眠图会监测您的大脑活动、眼球运动、腿部运动、心率、呼吸功能和睡觉时的氧气水平。
• 多次睡眠潜伏时间试验。您将在白天小睡多次，在这些小睡期间，测量显示您的睡眠模式和所经历的睡眠阶段。这项检查通常在多导睡眠图的第二天进行。

治疗

由于尚不清楚特发性嗜睡症的原因，因此治疗旨在缓解症状。可能会开莫达非尼（Provigil，Alertec）之类的提神药物，帮助您在白天保持清醒。莫达非尼可能的副作用是头痛、口干、恶心、腹泻、食欲减退和体重减轻。

美国睡眠医学学会建议的其他药物为羟丁酸钠（Xyrem）、克拉霉素（Biaxin XL、Klaricid）和哌甲酯（Quillivant XR、Daytrana、QuilliChew ER）。

最近，一种含有较低羟丁酸钠（Xywav）的药物被美国食品药品管理局批准用于治疗成人特发性嗜睡症。

此外，医务人员可能建议您制定规律的夜间睡眠时间表，并避免饮酒和服用影响睡眠的药物。

准备您的预约

You may start by seeing your healthcare professional. Or you may be referred to a sleep specialist.

Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment.

What you can do

When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as fasting before having a specific test. Make a list of:

• Your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to the reason for your appointment.
• Key personal information, including major stresses, recent life changes and family medical history.
• All medicines, vitamins or other supplements you take, including the doses.
• Questions to ask your healthcare team.

Take a family member or friend along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given.

For idiopathic hypersomnia, some basic questions to ask your healthcare team include:

• What's likely causing my symptoms?
• Other than the most likely cause, what are other possible causes for my symptoms?
• What tests do I need?
• Is my condition likely to be short-term or long lasting?
• What's the best course of action?
• What are the alternatives to the primary approach you're suggesting?
• I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
• Are there restrictions I need to follow?
• Should I see a specialist?
• Are there brochures or other printed material I can have? What websites do you recommend?

Don't hesitate to ask other questions.

What to expect from your doctor

Your healthcare professional is likely to ask you several questions, such as:

• When did your symptoms begin?
• Have your symptoms been constant, or do they come and go?
• How do your symptoms affect your daily life?
• What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?
• What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?

What you can do in the meantime

Try not to do anything that seems to worsen your symptoms.