打印 诊断 诊断流感（也称为流行性感冒）时，医务人员会对您进行体格检查，查看是否有流感症状，并可能安排一项检测流感病毒的检查。 在北半球和南半球，引发流感的病毒会在一年中的某些时段大范围传播。这些时段被称为流感季节。在流感高发期，您可能不需要做流感检测。 但是，如果有助于指导您的护理或是了解您能否将病毒传播给他人，可能建议您进行流感检测。流感检测可能在药房、医务人员的办公室或在医院中进行。年满 2 岁者或许能使用一种可以在家里进行的检测。如果您决定使用居家检测，请将结果告知医务人员。无论结果是阳性还是阴性，您可能都需要医护团队给您做检测来进行确认。 您可能需要进行的流感检测类型包括： 分子检测。 此类检测可查找流感病毒中的遗传物质。聚合酶链式反应检测简称 PCR 检测，属于分子检测。这类检测可能又被称为 NAAT 检测，它是核酸扩增检测的缩写。 抗原检测。 这类检测查找被称为抗原的病毒蛋白质。例如，快速流行性感冒诊断性检查是一种抗原检测。 可以进行一项检测来诊断流感和其他呼吸道疾病，例如 COVID-19（2019 冠状病毒病）。您可能同时患 COVID-19 和流行性感冒。 Are you fully protected? Create your personalized vaccination plan. Create my plan 治疗如果发生严重感染或者出现流感并发症的风险较高，医疗护理专业人员可能会开一种抗病毒药物来治疗流感。这些药物可能包括奥司他韦（Tamiflu）、巴洛沙韦（Xofluza）和扎那米韦（Relenza）。 奥司他韦和巴洛沙韦通过口服给药。扎那米韦通过类似于哮喘吸入器的装置吸入给药。患有某些慢性呼吸系统疾病（例如哮喘和肺病）的人不宜使用扎那米韦。 对于住院患者，可能会开具静脉注射的帕拉米韦（Rapivab）。 上述药物可以将病程缩短一天左右，并且有助于预防严重的并发症。 抗病毒药物可能会导致副作用。副作用通常列于处方信息中。一般而言，抗病毒药物的副作用可能包括呼吸症状、恶心、呕吐或稀便（称为腹泻）。更多信息体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）妙佑医疗国际一分钟：为何这个季节流感疫苗接种尤其重要更多信息Mayo Clinic Minute: Managing respiratory illness at homeMayo Clinic Minute: How to prepare for the 2024-25 influenza season(VIDEO) Mayo Clinic expert answers common questions about the flu, COVID-19Mayo Clinic Minute: Reduce risk of respiratory infections(VIDEO) Flu, COVID-19, RSV on the rise显示更多相关信息 临床试验 探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法，旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。 生活方式与家庭疗法如果您得了流感，以下措施可能有助于缓解症状： 饮用足量液体。 选择水、果汁和温汤，帮助保持体内液体。 休息。 多睡觉，帮助免疫系统对抗感染。您可能需要根据症状改变活动水平。 考虑使用止痛药。 使用对乙酰氨基酚（Tylenol 等）或布洛芬（Advil、Motrin IB 等），以对抗发热、头痛或与流行性感冒相关疼痛。处于流感样症状恢复期的儿童和青少年不应服用阿司匹林，因为有患瑞氏综合征（一种罕见但有潜在致命性的状况）的风险。 为帮助控制您所在社区的流行性感冒传播，请待在家里，并让生病的儿童也待在家里，直到发热消退（无需使用药物）24 小时。除非您准备就诊，否则在感觉好转之前，请避免与其他人接触。如果您真的需要离家就医，请戴上口罩。经常洗手。 History of infectious disease outbreaks and vaccines timeline Learn about the history of major disease outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics, as well as the impact vaccines and research had on many infectious diseases. Find out more at History of infectious disease outbreaks and vaccines timeline. 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请预约 症状与病因医生与科室 Dec. 19, 2025 打印显示参考文献 Loscalzo J, et al., eds. Influenza. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Aug. 6, 2024. Grohskopf LA, et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2024-25 influenza season. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2024; doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7305a1. Kellerman RD, et al. Influenza. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2024. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 2, 2024. Goldman L, et al., eds. Influenza. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 6, 2024. Flu: What to do if you get sick. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/takingcare.htm. Accessed Aug. 2, 2024. Preventive actions. Centers for Disease Control and prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/prevention.htm. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. Preventing respiratory viruses. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/index.html. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. How flu spreads. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/spread.htm. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. Health equity and flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/disparities-racial-ethnic-minority-groups.html. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. Who should and who should not get a flu vaccine. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/whoshouldvax.htm. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. Overview of influenza testing methods. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/overview-testing-methods.htm. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. Table 4. Multiplex assays authorized for simultaneous detection of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 by FDA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/table-flu-covid19-detection.html. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. What are flu antiviral drugs? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/whatyoushould.htm. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. People at higher risk of flu complications. Centers for Disease Control and prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Sept. 18, 2025. Flu vaccination by jet injector. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/jet-injector.htm. Accessed Aug. 19, 2024. At-home OTC COVID-19 diagnostic tests. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests. Accessed Jan. 16, 2025. Flumist. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/flumist. Accessed Sept. 12, 2025. Vaccines licensed for use in the United States. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/vaccines-licensed-use-united-states. Accessed Sept. 12, 2025. Influenza vaccines: Canadian immunization guide. Public Health Agency of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-10-influenza-vaccine.html. Accessed Sept. 12, 2025. Seasonal influenza. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza. Accessed Sept. 15, 2025. Influenza vaccine composition for the 2025-2026 U.S. influenza season. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/influenza-vaccine-composition-2025-2026-us-influenza-season. Accessed Sept. 12, 2025. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2025–2026: Policy Statement. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-073620. Accessed Sept. 12, 2025. Afluria package insert. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/afluria-afluria-southern-hemisphere. Accessed Sept. 12, 2025. McAllister L et al. Needle-free jet injection for administration of influenza vaccine: A randomized non-inferiority trial. The Lancet. 2014; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60524-9. AskMayoExpert. Influenza vaccination. Mayo Clinic; 2025. AskMayoExpert. Influenza: Return to daycare, school, and/or work. Mayo Clinic; 2023. 相关 妙佑医疗国际一分钟：为何这个季节流感疫苗接种尤其重要 感冒病毒和流感病毒：它们能在体外存活多久？ 流感：何时就医？ 流感疫苗 高剂量流感疫苗：与其他流感疫苗有何不同？ 显示更多相关内容 相关医疗程序 体外膜肺氧合（ECMO） Mayo Clinic 新闻 Mayo Clinic Minute: Managing respiratory illness at home Mayo Clinic Minute: How to prepare for the 2024-25 influenza season (VIDEO) Mayo Clinic expert answers common questions about the flu, COVID-19 Mayo Clinic Minute: Reduce risk of respiratory infections (VIDEO) Flu, COVID-19, RSV on the rise 显示更多来自妙佑医疗国际的新闻 产品与服务 书籍：《妙佑医疗国际家庭疗法指南》 流行性感冒（流感）症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室 Advertisement 妙佑医疗国际不为任何公司或产品背书。广告收入为我们的非营利使命提供支持。 广告与赞助政策 政策 机会 广告选择 妙佑医疗国际出版社 浏览妙佑医疗国际出版社提供的畅销书以及书籍和简报的特别优惠。 新资讯：妙佑医疗国际睡眠改善指南 收听健康问题播客 妙佑医疗国际：关于失禁 糖尿病基本信息 妙佑医疗国际饮食方案评估 — 免费 妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费读物 CON-20164014 疾病与状况 流行性感冒（流感）