诊断

医务人员会检查受影响部位是否有触痛、肿胀或畸形,并检查是否有神经或血管损伤的迹象。肩关节 X 线将显示脱位,并可能显示骨折或肩关节的其他损伤。

治疗

肩关节脱位的治疗方法包括:

  • 闭合复位术。在这种医疗程序中,医生可能采用轻柔的手法来帮助肩部关节复位。治疗之前,医生会根据患者关节的疼痛和肿胀程度来给予肌肉松弛剂或镇痛剂,极少数情况下,可能会对患者进行全身麻醉。肩关节复位后,剧烈疼痛几乎会立即减轻。
  • 外科手术。如果患者因肩关节或肩韧带松弛而反复出现关节脱位,且在经过加强及康复治疗后仍无好转,则可能需要接受手术治疗。极少数情况下,受损的神经或血管可能需要手术治疗。手术治疗也可能降低年轻运动员肩关节再损伤的风险。
  • 固定。闭合复位术后,可在肩部恢复期内使用特殊的夹板或吊带数周,以防肩部移动。
  • 药物。肩部恢复期内,医生可能会开具一些止痛药或肌肉松弛剂,以减轻不适感。
  • 康复。等到不再需要夹板或吊带时,可安排进行康复治疗项目,以恢复肩关节活动度、力量和稳定性。

如果肩关节脱位相对简单,且无主要神经或组织损伤,肩关节可能会在几周内好转。恢复日常活动之前,请务必在不痛的情况下活动肩膀,以及恢复肩部力量。肩关节脱位后过早恢复活动,可能导致肩关节再度损伤。

Self-care

Try these steps to help ease discomfort and encourage healing after being treated for a dislocated shoulder:

  • Rest the shoulder. Don't repeat the action that caused the shoulder to dislocate. Try to avoid movements that cause pain. Limit heavy lifting and any activity where you have to reach over your head until the shoulder feels better.
  • Apply ice, then heat. Putting ice on the shoulder helps reduce inflammation and pain. Use a cold pack, a bag of frozen vegetables, or a bag of ice wrapped in a towel for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. Always put a thin cloth between your skin and ice. Do this every couple of hours for the first day or two.
  • Take pain relievers. Medicines such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), naproxen sodium (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) might help relieve pain. Follow label directions and stop taking the drugs when the pain improves.
  • Maintain the range of motion of the shoulder. After one or two days, your healthcare professional may have you do some gentle exercises to help maintain the shoulder's range of motion. Being inactive can cause joints to stiffen.

Once the injury heals and the shoulder has good range of motion, keep exercising. Daily shoulder stretches and a shoulder-strengthening and stability program may help prevent another dislocation. Ask your healthcare professional to help you plan an appropriate exercise routine.

准备您的预约

根据伤情的严重程度,您的初级保健医生或急诊室医生可能会建议让骨科医生来检查一下伤情。

您能做些什么

您可能要准备好:

  • 症状和损伤原因的详细描述
  • 关于既往医学问题的信息
  • 您服用的所有药物和膳食补充剂的名称和剂量
  • 要向医务人员咨询的问题

关于肩关节脱位的一些基本问题可能包括:

  • 我的肩关节脱位了吗?
  • 我需要做哪些检查?
  • 您推荐哪种治疗方案?有替代方案吗?
  • 我的肩膀多久才能痊愈?
  • 以后我必须停止运动吗?多长时间?
  • 怎样才能避免肩膀二次受伤?

医生可能会做什么

请准备好回答以下问题:

  • 您的疼痛有多严重?
  • 您有哪些其他症状?
  • 您的胳膊能动吗?
  • 您的胳膊有感到麻木或刺痛吗?
  • 您之前肩膀脱臼过吗?
  • 有没有什么因素似乎会改善您的症状?
  • 有没有什么因素似乎会加重您的症状?
May 07, 2026
  1. Sherman SC. Shoulder dislocation and reduction. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 5, 2025.
  2. Shoulder dislocation. OrthoInfo. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/dislocated-shoulder. Accessed May 5, 2025.
  3. McMahon PJ, et al., eds. Sports medicine: Upper extremity. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Orthopedics. 6th ed. McGraw Hill; 2021. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed May 5, 2025.
  4. Sports injuries. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sports-injuries. Accessed June 9, 2022.
  5. Miller M.D., et al, eds. Anterior shoulder instability. In: DeLee, Drez, & Miller's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 5, 2025.
  6. Elsevier Point of Care. Clinical Overview: Shoulder dislocation. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 5, 2025.