概述

皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤是一种罕见癌症,始发于白细胞。这种癌症会影响称为 T 细胞的白细胞(即 T 淋巴细胞)。这类细胞会帮助身体免疫系统抵抗细菌。在皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤中,T 细胞会攻击皮肤。

皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤(CTCL)可能导致皮肤上出现皮疹、轻微隆突性或鳞屑性圆形斑块。有时,皮肤上会还出现其他生长物。

皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤有多种类型。最常见的类型包括:

  • 蕈样肉芽肿。 蕈样肉芽肿是最常见的皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤类型。生长缓慢。蕈样肉芽肿主要累及皮肤,通常会导致患处皮肤出现斑块。
  • 塞扎里综合征。 塞扎里综合征是一种不太常见的皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤类型,其生长和扩散速度较快。塞扎里综合征会累及皮肤和血液。随着时间的推移,会导致全身出现皮疹。

治疗方法取决于具体的皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤类型,其中可能包括使用外用乳霜、光照治疗、放射疗法和化疗。

皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤是一种非霍奇金淋巴瘤。另一种累及皮肤的非霍奇金淋巴瘤称为皮肤 B 细胞淋巴瘤。皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤比皮肤 B 细胞淋巴瘤常见得多。

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Types

There are several types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Some types are indolent, which means the cells grow slowly. In other types, the cells grow quickly. The CTCL types include:

  • Mycosis fungoides. Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of CTCL. It typically grows slowly and mainly looks like scaly patches similar to eczema or psoriasis. In a small number of people, it can worsen quickly.
  • Sezary syndrome. Sezary syndrome grows and expands quickly. It affects the skin and the blood. In time, it typically causes a rash over the whole body.
  • Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. This type is usually slow growing. It mainly affects the fatty layer underneath the skin and may feel like a hard lump under the skin. It usually appears on the arms, legs, face and torso. The torso includes the chest, stomach and pelvic area.
  • Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma. Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma is typically fast growing. It may cause thickened patches of skin, lumps, tumors or ulcers in the skin.
  • Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. This type usually appears on or in the skin as slow-growing lumps.

There are many types of cancer that start in the immune cells and affect the skin. People sometimes wonder if CTCL is the same as cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. CTCL is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that starts in the T cells. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that involves B cells, which is another type of immune system cell. People who have lymphomas involving B cells often have different treatment plans.

症状

皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的症状和体征包括:

  • 隆突性或鳞屑性皮肤斑块,可能伴有瘙痒。斑块通常出现在较少受阳光照射的皮肤区域。
  • 粉色、红色、棕色或灰色的皮肤斑块。在黑色或棕色皮肤上可能很难看出斑块颜色。
  • 颜色比周围肤色浅的皮肤斑块。这类斑块在黑色和棕色皮肤上更易发现。
  • 皮肤上出现可能破裂的肿块。
  • 淋巴结肿大。
  • 脱发。
  • 手掌和脚掌皮肤增厚。
  • 全身皮肤出现鳞屑性和瘙痒性皮疹。

何时就医

如果出现任何令人担忧的症状,请与医疗护理专业人员约诊。

病因

皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的病因通常并不明确。这种癌症会导致皮肤细胞异常增殖形成生长物。其始发于称为淋巴细胞的抗菌白细胞。皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤会累及特定淋巴细胞(T 淋巴细胞)。

当 T 淋巴细胞的 DNA 发生变化时,就会出现皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤。细胞的 DNA 含有指示细胞工作的指令。

DNA 发出指令让健康细胞按设定速度生长和增殖。这些指令会指示细胞在设定的时间死亡。而在癌细胞中,发生变化的 DNA 发出了不同的指令。这些变化指示癌细胞快速生长和增殖。癌细胞会在健康细胞本应死亡时继续存活。这会导致细胞过多。

在皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤中,癌细胞会在皮肤中积聚。在一种称为塞扎里综合征的皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤中,癌细胞也存在于血液中。

风险因素

以下人群患皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的风险可能更高:

  • 老年人。 这种病症可能发生在任何年龄段,但在 50 岁及以上人群中更常见。
  • 出生时指定为男性的人群。 出生时指定为男性的人群患该病症的几率是出生时指定为女性的人群的两倍。
  • 黑人。 黑人患皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的风险最高。黑人也更有可能在较小年龄就患这种癌症。

目前尚无办法预防皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤。

并发症

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) may cause a number of complications as the cancer grows and spreads to other areas of the body. Complications vary by type. For example, mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome may cause infections and additional types of lymphoma.

April 29, 2026

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