诊断

医务人员会询问您的语音问题并进行检查。医务人员可能会在检查前给您实施麻醉。医务人员可能会使用以下一种或多种工具:

  • 镜子。医务人员可能会将仪器(如牙科镜)放入您的口中。牙科镜很长且有角度。
  • 软式喉镜。喉镜是一个可弯曲的软管,内有光源和摄像头。医务人员通过鼻腔插入喉镜。
  • 硬性喉镜。医务人员通过口腔插入该硬质观察管。
  • 频闪仪。带闪光灯的摄像头,随着摄像头移动形成声带慢动作镜头。

医务人员可能进行其他检查,例如:

  • 声音分析。此项检测通过计算机可以测量声带发出的声音中的任何异常。
  • 喉肌电图。经皮肤插入细针,测量声匣肌肉中的电流。

Tests

A healthcare professional may use other tests such as:

  • Sound analysis. Using a computer, this test can measure anything unusual in the sound the vocal cords make.
  • Laryngeal electromyography. Small needles put into muscles through the skin measure the electric currents in the voice box muscles.

治疗

根据对您的诊断,医务人员可能会推荐一种或多种治疗方法:

  • 休息、饮水和语音疗法。和身体其他部位一样,声带需要有规律的休息和补充水分。言语病理学专家可以教您如何更好地使用您的声音、如何正确地清嗓子以及喝多少水。
  • 过敏治疗。如果过敏导致咽喉分泌过多黏液,可以请医务人员找出过敏原因并进行治疗。
  • 戒烟。戒烟可能有助于改善声音状况和许多其他健康问题。例如,戒烟可能有助于促进心脏健康和降低患癌风险。
  • 使用药物。很多药物都可用于治疗语音障碍。根据语音障碍的病因,您可以使用药物来减轻肿胀或炎症、治疗胃食管反流或阻止血管再生。药物可选择口服、注射到声带中或术中涂抹到声带表面。

手术

  • 切除生长物。声带上的生长物,即使并非癌症,也可能需要在手术期间切除。外科医生可以使用显微外科手术或二氧化碳激光手术切除生长物,适当情况下还会使用磷酸钛氧钾(KTP)激光治疗等其他激光疗法。

    KTP 激光治疗是一种最先进的疗法,通过切断生长物的血液供应来治疗声带病变。该方法可以在切除生长物的同时保留完整的最底层组织。

  • 注射。向颈部皮肤注射少量纯化的肉毒毒素有助于阻止肌痉挛或异常运动。该药物可治疗与大脑和神经系统有关的运动问题。这种状况称为痉挛性构音障碍,累及喉部的发声肌肉。

有时,一条声带可能会无法运动。一条声带麻痹可引起声音嘶哑。饮用液体时也可引起呛噎。但吞咽固体食物时很少出现问题。这个问题有时会随着时间的推移而消失。

如果问题没有消失,两种措施中的任一个都可以将麻痹的声带推到更靠近气管中间的位置。两种措施均可使声带更靠近并一起震动。这样做可以改善声音,并且在吞咽时关闭喉头。治疗包括:

  • 脂肪或胶原蛋白注射。通过口腔或颈部皮肤注射体脂或人造胶原蛋白,增加麻痹的声带体积。还可治疗声带无力。
  • 甲状软骨成形术。在声匣外侧的组织(也称为软骨)中做一个小开口。外科医生通过这个开口插入一个植入物,并将其推至声带麻痹处。

阅读更多关于妙佑医疗国际声带麻痹治疗和过敏的信息。

Vocal cord paralysis treatment

Sometimes one or both vocal cords, also called vocal folds, can't move. This condition is called vocal cord paralysis. A paralyzed vocal cord can cause hoarseness and choking when drinking liquids. But it rarely causes trouble when you swallow solid foods. The condition may go away with time.

If vocal cord paralysis doesn't go away, treatments can push the paralyzed vocal cord closer to the middle of the windpipe, also called the trachea. These treatments allow the vocal cords to meet and vibrate closer together. This improves the voice and repairs the vocal cords. It also allows the voice box to close when swallowing.

Treatments include:

  • Fat or collagen injection. Injecting body fat or human-made collagen adds bulk to the paralyzed vocal cord and treats vocal cord weakness. A healthcare professional may give these shots, also called injections, through the mouth or the skin on the neck.
  • Thyroplasty. A small opening is made in the cartilage of the voice box. A surgeon puts an implant into the opening and pushes it against the paralyzed vocal cord to reposition it.

Read more about vocal cord paralysis treatment at Mayo Clinic.

临床试验

探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法,旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。

May 09, 2026
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