Bence-Jones protein test

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Research

Mayo Clinic researchers are involved in many studies related to monoclonal proteins and immunoglobulin light chains in conditions such as multiple myeloma, amyloidosis and kidney disease related to monoclonal gammopathy.

This work includes improving tests that detect and identify abnormal light chains in blood, urine and tissue, using methods such as mass spectrometry and urinary exosome analysis.

Researchers also are studying how light chains contribute to kidney damage and amyloid formation, with the goal of improving diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.

Publications

See a list of publications about Bence Proteins by Mayo Clinic doctors on PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine.

Research Profiles

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By Mayo Clinic Staff
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Aug. 22, 2026
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  1. Dimopoulos MA, et al. Management of multiple myeloma-related renal impairment: Recommendations from the International Myeloma Working Group. The Lancet Oncology. 2023; doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00223-1.
  2. Immunofixation with free light chains, quantitative, urine. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/75678. Accessed Aug. 11, 2026.
  3. Keren DF, et al. Laboratory detection and initial diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies: Guideline from the College of American Pathologists in collaboration with the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and the American Society for Clinical Pathology. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2022; doi:10.5858/arpa.2020-0794-CP.
  4. Lim SM, et al. A review of clinical guidelines, laboratory recommendations and external quality assurance programs for monoclonal gammopathy testing. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2024; doi:10.1080/10408363.2023.2257306.
  5. Liu Y, et al. Diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: A review. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2025; doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.8124.
  6. Monoclonal protein study, quantitative, serum. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/621907. Accessed Aug. 11, 2026.
  7. Monoclonal protein quantitation, random, urine. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/616909. Accessed Aug. 10, 2026.
  8. Monoclonal protein screen, 24 hour, urine. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/616913. Accessed Aug. 11, 2026.
  9. Immunoglobulin total light chains, urine. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/87934. Accessed Aug. 11, 2026.
  10. Mon MY, et al. Urine immunofixation electrophoresis for diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy: Evaluation of methods for urine concentration. The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine. 2024; doi:10.1093/jalm/jfad113.
  11. García Moreira V, et al. Novel approach to rule-out unnecessary urine Bence Jones protein testing: A serum free light chain algorithm. Diagnostics. 2025; doi:10.3390/diagnostics15050525.
  12. Netti GS, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of monoclonal gammopathies of renal significance (MGRS): An update. Diagnostics. 2024; doi:10.3390/diagnostics14242892.
  13. Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. American Journal of Hematology. 2024; doi:10.1002/ajh.27422.
  14. Singh G, et al. Urine protein immunofixation electrophoresis: Free light chain urine immunofixation electrophoresis is more sensitive than conventional assays for detecting monoclonal light chains and could serve as a marker of minimal residual disease. Laboratory Medicine. 2023; doi:10.1093/labmed/lmac155.

Bence-Jones protein test