TRAM flap

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Investigación

Mayo Clinic researchers study ways to improve breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Areas of research include improving flap survival, reducing complications, preserving function and restoring breast sensation. Research also focuses on improving recovery after surgery, optimizing microsurgical techniques and improving patient-reported results after breast reconstruction.

Learn more about specific breast cancer-related studies here:

Breast cancer surgery clinical trials

Breast clinic clinical trials

Publications

See a list of publications about TRAM flap breast reconstruction by Mayo Clinic doctors on PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine.

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Aug. 14, 2026
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  1. Urquijo Méndez JA, et al. Clinical and donor-site outcomes of DIEP versus TRAM flaps in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. 2026; doi:10.2340/jphs.v61.46271.
  2. Zhong T, et al. Postmastectomy breast reconstruction in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer: An Ontario Health clinical practice guideline. Current Oncology. 2025; doi:10.3390/curroncol32060357.
  3. Knoedler S, et al. Single-pedicled, supercharged, or bi-pedicled? A multi-institutional outcome comparison of pedicled TRAM flap for autologous breast reconstruction. Clinical Breast Cancer. 2025; doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2025.03.022.
  4. Holten BE, et al. Abdominal function following breast reconstruction with abdominal tissue flaps: A systematic review. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2026; doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000013007.
  5. Gao Y, et al. Reduce flap necrosis after autologous breast reconstruction: A systematic review. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2025; doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000011060.
  6. Arellano JA, et al. Complications in prolonged intraoperative ischemia time in free flap breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2025; doi:10.1007/s00266-024-04382-7.
  7. ElAbd R, et al. Outcomes of immediate versus delayed autologous reconstruction with postmastectomy radiation: A meta-analysis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2024; doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000011327.
  8. Darras O, et al. Comparison of outcomes following postmastectomy radiation therapy in patients with autologous free-flap reconstruction depending on the radiation therapy protocol: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. 2024; doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2024.10.001.
  9. Lee KT, et al. Outcomes of leaflet-shaped acellular dermal matrix with a thickness-gradient for abdominal fascial defect repair in muscle-sparing TRAM flap-based breast reconstruction. Asian Journal of Surgery. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.07.017.
  10. Hubbuch J, et al. Management of abdominal wall mesh infections. Advances in Surgery. 2025; doi:10.1016/j.yasu.2025.04.001.
  11. Pierzchajlo N, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways for deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2023.10.058.
  12. Tajziehchi P, et al. Flap neurotisation improves sensation outcomes in abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 2024; doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2024.01.045.
  13. Aristizábal A, et al. Tactile sensory recovery in neurotized versus non-neurotized autologous breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microsurgery. 2025; doi:10.1002/micr.70096.
  14. Breast reconstruction with flap surgery. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/breast-reconstruction-flap/about/pac-20384937. Accessed Aug. 4, 2026.
  15. Lee BT, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline: Autologous breast reconstruction with DIEP and pedicled TRAM abdominal flaps. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2017; doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000003768.
  16. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/treatment/surgery/breast-reconstruction. Accessed Aug. 6, 2026.
  17. Deltonne S, et al. Immediate breast reconstruction versus delayed immediate breast reconstruction: A Stasbourg experience retrospective study. 2026; doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2026.06.001.
  18. Lacey H, et al. Adjunctive technologies in postoperative free-flap monitoring: A systematic review. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2023.09.015.
  19. Breast reconstruction preparation. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/breast-reconstruction/preparation. Accessed Aug. 6, 2026.
  20. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Aug. 11, 2026.

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