Hemorragia subaracnoidea

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Descripción general

La hemorragia subaracnoidea es el sangrado en el espacio entre el cerebro y la membrana que lo rodea (espacio subaracnoideo). El síntoma principal es el dolor de cabeza intenso y repentino. Algunas personas lo describen como el peor dolor de cabeza que hayan sentido. Además de tener un dolor de cabeza, algunas personas pueden experimentar:

  • Náuseas
  • Vómitos
  • Rigidez en el cuello
  • Problemas de la vista
  • Pérdida del conocimiento breve

El sangrado generalmente ocurre al romperse un bulto anormal en un vaso sanguíneo (aneurisma) en el cerebro. Algunas veces, el sangrado puede ser causado por un traumatismo, una maraña de vasos sanguíneos en el cerebro (malformación arteriovenosa) u otros problemas de salud o en los vasos sanguíneos.

Si no se trata, una hemorragia subaracnoidea puede causar un daño cerebral permanente o la muerte.

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Hemorragia subaracnoidea - atención en Mayo Clinic

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Diagnóstico y tratamiento
Aug. 31, 2022
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  2. Connolly ES, et al. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A guideline for the healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2012; doi: 10.1161/str.0b013e3182587839
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  11. Tawk, RG, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2021; doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.01.005
  12. Daroff RB, et al. Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 6, 2022.
  13. Singer RJ, et al. Treatment of cerebral aneurysms. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 5, 2022.
  14. Youssef PP, et al. Woven endobridge(WEB) device in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms. Journal of Interventional Surgery. 2021; doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016405
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  16. Guerra H, et al. The first CT in a subarachnoid hemorrhage: A picture tells a story. Practical Neurology. 2017; doi: 10.1136/practneurol-207-001639
  17. Kramer CL, et al. Refining the association of fever with functional outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical Care. 2017; doi: 10.1007/s12028-0160281-7
  18. Rinaldo L, et al. Transfer to high-volume centers associated with reduced mortality after endovascular treatment of acute stroke. Stroke. 2017; doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.116360
  19. Pegoli M, et al. Predictors of excellent functional outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2015; doi: 10.3171/2014.10jns14290
  20. Nguyen HT. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic. April 22, 2022.
  21. Rabinstein AA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. July 1, 2022.

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