Description
Amphetamine is used to treat narcolepsy (sleep disorder). It is also used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It belongs to the group of medicines called central nervous system (CNS) stimulants.
Amphetamine is also used for weight reduction in patients with obesity.
Amphetamine works in the treatment of ADHD by increasing attention and decreasing restlessness in children and adults who are overactive, cannot concentrate for very long, or are easily distracted and impulsive. This medicine is used as part of a total treatment program that also includes social, educational, and psychological treatment.
This medicine is available only with a doctor's prescription.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:
- Tablet, Extended Release, Disintegrating
- Tablet, Extended Release, Chewable
- Suspension, Extended Release
- Tablet
Before Using
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:
Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Pediatric
Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of amphetamine tablets in children with obesity who are younger than 12 years of age, in children with narcolepsy who are younger than 6 years of age, and in children with ADHD who are younger than 3 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of amphetamine extended-release oral suspension, extended-release tablets, Adzenys XR-ODT® extended-release oral disintegrating tablets, and Evekeo ODT® extended-release oral disintegrating tablets in children with ADHD who are younger than 6 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Geriatric
No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of amphetamine tablets in geriatric patients.
Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of amphetamine extended-release oral suspension, extended-release tablets, and extended-release oral disintegrating tablets in the geriatric population. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving this medicine.
Breastfeeding
There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.
Drug Interactions
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
- Isocarboxazid
- Linezolid
- Methylene Blue
- Ozanimod
- Phenelzine
- Procarbazine
- Rasagiline
- Safinamide
- Selegiline
- Sibutramine
- Tranylcypromine
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
- Abiraterone Acetate
- Abiraterone Acetate, Micronized
- Acetazolamide
- Albuterol Sulfate
- Alfentanil
- Almotriptan
- Aluminum
- Amifampridine
- Amineptine
- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptylinoxide
- Amoxapine
- Anileridine
- Apraclonidine Hydrochloride
- Arformoterol Tartrate
- Armodafinil
- Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
- Benzhydrocodone
- Benzthiazide
- Brimonidine Tartrate
- Brompheniramine
- Buprenorphine
- Bupropion
- Buspirone
- Butorphanol
- Calcium Carbonate
- Carbamazepine
- Chlorothiazide
- Chlorpheniramine
- Cimetidine
- Cinacalcet
- Citalopram
- Clobazam
- Clomipramine
- Clonidine
- Cobicistat
- Cocaine
- Codeine
- Cyclobenzaprine
- Desipramine
Other Interactions
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Other Medical Problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
- Agitation, severe or
- Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), severe or
- Drug abuse, history of or
- Heart attack, recent or
- Heart failure or
- Heart or blood vessel disease (eg, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease) or
- Heart rhythm problems (eg, arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia), or family history of or
- Hypertension (high blood pressure), moderate to severe or
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or
- Stroke, history of—Avoid use in patients with these conditions.
- Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness), or a family history of or
- Blood vessel problems (eg, Raynaud disease) or
- Depression, or a family history of or
- Hypertension (high blood pressure), mild or
- Psychosis (mental illness), history of or
- Seizures, history of or
- Tourette syndrome, or family history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.
Proper Use
Take this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. If too much of this medicine is taken, it may become habit-forming (causing mental or physical dependence). If you feel that the medicine is not working properly after using it for several weeks, check with your doctor first and do not increase the dose.
This medicine should come with a Medication Guide. Read and follow the instructions carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.
Amphetamine is used for different conditions and comes in different forms. Make sure you understand how to take your prescribed brand.
It is best to take this medicine when you wake up in the morning. You may take this medicine with or without food or liquid.
You may chew or swallow the Dyanavel® XR tablet whole. You may divide the Dyanavel® XR 5-mg tablet into equal parts at the score line.
Measure the extended-release oral suspension with a marked measuring spoon, oral syringe, or medicine cup. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid. Shake the bottle before each use.
If you are using the extended-release oral disintegrating tablet, make sure your hands are dry before you handle the tablet. Do not open the blister pack that contains the tablet until you are ready to take it. Remove Adzenys XR-ODT® from the blister pack by peeling back the foil, then taking the tablet out. Do not push Adzenys XR-ODT® through the foil. You may push Evekeo ODT® through the back of the foil to remove it. Place the whole tablet on your tongue. It should melt quickly. Do not chew or crush it. You may move the tablet around between the tongue and the roof of the mouth until it melts.
Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
- For ADHD:
- For oral dosage form (extended-release oral disintegrating tablets):
- Adzenys XR-ODT®:
- Adults—12.5 milligrams (mg) once a day, in the morning.
- Children 13 to 17 years of age and older—At first, 6.3 mg once a day, in the morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 12.5 mg per day.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—At first, 6.3 mg once a day, in the morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 18.8 mg per day.
- Children younger than 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Evekeo ODT®:
- Children 6 to 17 years of age—At first, 5 milligrams (mg) 1 or 2 times a day, in the morning. You may add another dose after 4 to 6 hours. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 40 mg per day.
- Children younger than 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Adzenys XR-ODT®:
- For oral dosage form (extended-release tablets):
- Adults and children 6 years of age and older—At first, 2.5 or 5 milligrams (mg) once a day, in the morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 20 mg per day.
- Children younger than 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (extended-release suspension):
- Dyanavel® XR:
- Adults and children 6 years of age and older—At first, 2.5 or 5 milligrams (mg) once a day, in the morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 20 mg per day.
- Children younger than 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Dyanavel® XR:
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and children 6 years of age and older—At first, 5 milligrams (mg) 1 or 2 times a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 40 mg per day.
- Children 3 to 5 years of age—At first, 2.5 mg once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed.
- Children younger than 3 years of age—Use is not recommended.
- For oral dosage form (extended-release oral disintegrating tablets):
- For narcolepsy:
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and children 12 years of age and older—At first, 10 milligrams (mg) once a day, in the morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 60 mg per day.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—At first, 5 mg once a day, in the morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed.
- Children younger than 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For weight loss:
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and children 12 years of age and older—5 to 10 milligrams (mg) per day, taken 30 to 60 minutes before each meal. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 30 mg per day.
- Children younger than 12 years of age—Use is not recommended.
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.
Precautions
It is very important that your doctor check your or your child's progress at regular visits to make sure the medicine is working properly. Blood tests and blood pressure tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects. Your doctor may occasionally stop treatment to check symptoms of ADHD.
Do not use this medicine if you are using or have used an MAO inhibitor (MAOI), including isocarboxazid [Marplan®], linezolid [Zyvox®], phenelzine [Nardil®], selegiline [Eldepryl®], tranylcypromine [Parnate®]), within the past 14 days.
If you have been using this medicine for a long time and you think you may have become mentally or physically dependent on it, check with your doctor right away. Some signs of dependence may be:
- A strong desire or need to continue using the medicine.
- A need to increase the dose to receive the same effects.
- Withdrawal effects after stopping the medicine including agitation, generalized slowing of mental and physical activity, increased appetite, trouble sleeping, unable to sleep, unpleasant dreams, unusual tiredness or weakness, or unusually deep sleep or long duration of sleep.
This medicine may cause serious heart or blood vessel problems. This may be more likely to occur in patients who have a family history of heart disease. Check with your doctor right away if you have chest pain, fast or uneven heartbeat, trouble breathing, or fainting while using this medicine.
Tell your doctor right away if you or your family notice any unusual changes in behavior, including an increase in aggression, hostility, agitation, irritability, or suicidal thinking or behavior. Also tell your doctor if you or your child see, hear, or feel things that are not there, or have any unusual thoughts, especially if they are new or getting worse quickly.
Symptoms of an overdose include: agitation, blurred vision, change in consciousness, chest pain or discomfort, confusion, fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat, inability to speak, loss of bladder control, muscle spasm or jerking of all extremities, nausea, nervousness, overactive reflexes, pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck, pale, clammy skin, panic states, physical attempt to injure, restlessness, seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there, seizures, shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet, shivering, slurred speech, vomiting. Call your doctor right away if you notice these symptoms.
This medicine may cause slow growth. If your child is using this medicine, the doctor will need to keep track of your child's height and weight.
This medicine may cause some people to feel a false sense of well-being or to become dizzy, lightheaded, or less alert than they are normally. It may also cause blurred vision or other vision problems. Do not drive or do anything else that could be dangerous until you or your child know how this medicine affects you.
This medicine may cause Raynaud's phenomenon, which is a problem with blood circulation in the fingers or toes. Tell your doctor if you or your child have tingling or pain, a cold feeling, paleness, or skin color changes in the fingers or toes, especially when exposed to cold temperatures. Call your doctor right away if you have unexplained sores or ulcers on your fingers or toes.
Check with your doctor right away if you or your child have anxiety, restlessness, a fast heartbeat, fever, sweating, muscle spasms, twitching, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or see or hear things that are not there. These may be symptoms of a serious condition called serotonin syndrome. Your risk may be higher if you also take certain other medicines that affect serotonin levels in your body.
Before you have any medical tests, tell the medical doctor in charge that you are using this medicine. The results of some tests may be affected by this medicine.
Avoid drinking alcohol while using this medicine.
Use with medications that increase stomach or urine alkalinity, including sodium bicarbonate, acetazolamide, and some thiazide diuretics (water pill) should be avoided. .
Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines, herbal (eg, St. John's wort) or vitamin supplements, and medicine for appetite control, asthma, colds, cough, hayfever, or sinus problems.
Side Effects
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
- Agitation
- anxiety
- bladder pain
- bloody or cloudy urine
- crying
- delusions of persecution, mistrust, suspiciousness, or combativeness
- difficult, burning, or painful urination
- false or unusual sense of well-being
- feeling of unreality
- frequent urge to urinate
- lower back or side pain
- mental depression
- nervousness
- quick to react or overreact emotionally
- rapidly changing moods
- sense of detachment from self or body
Less common
- Chills
- cough
- fever
- hoarseness
Rare
- Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
- severe mental changes
Incidence not known
- Blistering, peeling, loosening of the skin
- blurred vision
- chest pain or discomfort
- confusion
- dark urine
- diarrhea
- difficulty breathing
- dizziness
- fainting
- fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
- headache
- hives, itching, skin rash
- joint or muscle pain
- large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or genitals
- mood swings
- muscle cramps, pain, stiffness, or spasms
- nausea
- overactive reflexes
- pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck
- paleness or cold feeling in the fingertips and toes
- pounding in the ears
- red skin lesions, often with a purple center
- red, irritated eyes
- restlessness
- shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet
- shivering
- slow or fast heartbeat
- sore throat
- sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips
- sweating
- swelling of the feet or lower legs
- talking or acting with excitement you cannot control
- tingling or pain in the fingers or toes when exposed to cold temperatures
- trouble sleeping
- twitching, twisting, or uncontrolled repetitive movements of the tongue, lips, face, arms, or legs
- uncontrolled vocal outbursts or tics (uncontrolled repeated body movements)
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- vomiting
Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:
Symptoms of overdose
- Aggressive
- agitation
- angry
- blurred vision
- change in consciousness
- chest pain or discomfort
- confusion
- dark urine
- diarrhea
- dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position
- extremely high fever or body temperature
- fainting
- fast breathing
- fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat
- headache
- inability to speak
- loss of bladder control
- loss of consciousness
- muscle cramps, spasms, jerking, pain, or stiffness
- nausea
- nervousness
- overactive reflexes
- pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck
- pale, clammy skin
- palpitations
- panic states
- physical attempt to injure
- poor coordination
- pounding in the ears
- restlessness
- seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
- seizures
- shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet
- shivering
- slurred speech
- stomach cramps
- sudden loss of consciousness
- sweating
- swelling of the feet or lower legs
- talking or acting with excitement you cannot control
- temporary blindness
- thirst
- trembling or shaking of the hands or feet
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- violent actions
- vomiting
- weakness in the arm or leg on one side of the body, sudden and severe
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
- Dry mouth
- loss of appetite
- stomach ache
- voice changes
- weight loss
Less common
- Belching
- heartburn
- indigestion
- stomach discomfort, upset, or pain
Incidence not known
- Constipation
- decreased interest in sexual intercourse
- difficulty having a bowel movement
- inability to have or keep an erection
- loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance
- redness of the skin
- thinning or loss of hair
- unpleasant taste
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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