Publications Print Ilges D, Dickinson DT, Bosquez JM, Graf EH. Point-Counterpoint: Should MRSA nares testing be used as a tool for vancomycin de-escalation outside of pneumonia? J Clin Microbiol. 2026 Apr 21; e0130925 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Hoge ACH, Grys TE, Graf EH. Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis in Immunocompetent Hosts: Opportunities for Increased Recognition and Timely Diagnosis. Clin Chem. 2026 Jan 28 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Nica A, Misra S, Steidley DE, Hentz J, Graf E, Smith M, Patel P, Riad S, Wadei HM, Mour G. Outcomes of BK in simultaneous heart kidney transplant: A 3 center experience. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2025 Oct 20 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Kim J, Keum H, Albadawi H, Altinbasak I, Yavuz F, Graf EH, Mishra N, Oklu R. Ionic Liquid-Reinforced Multifunctional Hydrogel for the Treatment of Enterocutaneous Fistula. Adv Mater. 2025 Jul; 37 (29):e2503179 Epub 2025 May 12 View PubMed Blomquist M, Karsten J, Larsen B, Graf E. A case of delayed diagnosis of disseminated coccidioidomycosis highlights opportunities for improved awareness. ASM Case Rep. 2025 Jul; 1 (4) Epub 2025 Apr 11 View PubMed Graf E, Soliman A, Marouf M, Parwani AV, Pancholi P. Reply to "Implementing AI in clinical microbiology": Key challenges ahead. Am J Clin Pathol 2025 Jun 3; 163 (6):950 View PubMed Rodino KG, Larkin PMK, Graf EH. Help Us to Help You: Recommendations for Continued Enforcement Discretion for Common Infectious Disease Test Modifications under the FDA Final Rule. Clin Chem. 2025 May 2; 71 (5):538-541 View PubMed Kim J, Zhang Z, Albadawi H, Keum H, Mayer JL, Graf EH, Oklu R. Catheter Injectable Multifunctional Biomaterial for the Treatment of Infected Enterocutaneous Fistulas. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 May; 12 (20):e2414642 Epub 2025 Feb 14 View PubMed Bryan A, Grys TE, Graf EH. So I Guess I Am a Device? Making the Case for Professional Practice in the Context of the FDA's Final Rule on Laboratory-Developed Tests. J Appl Lab Med. 2025 Mar 3; 10 (2):517-519 View PubMed Graf E, Soliman A, Marouf M, Parwani AV, Pancholi P. Potential roles for artificial intelligence in clinical microbiology from improved diagnostic accuracy to solving the staffing crisis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2025 Feb 12; 163 (2):162-168 View PubMed Graf EH, Bryan A, Bowers M, Grys TE. One Size Fits Small: The Narrow Utility for Plasma Metagenomics. J Appl Lab Med. 2025 Jan 3; 10 (1):171-183 View PubMed Ilges D, Graf EH, Grant L, Long A, Siebeneck E, Seville MT, Grys T, Speiser LJ. Positive impact of a diagnostic stewardship intervention on syndromic panel ordering practices and inappropriate C. difficile treatment. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2025 Jan; 46 (1):71-76 Epub 2024 Nov 26 View PubMed Kim J, Keum H, Albadawi H, Zhang Z, Graf EH, Cevik E, Oklu R. Multi-Functional Biomaterial for the Treatment and Prevention of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections. Adv Mater. 2024 Nov; 36 (46):e2405805 Epub 2024 Aug 15 View PubMed Keum H, Kim J, Zhang Z, Graf E, Albadawi H, Oklu R. Biocompatible Liquid Embolic for the Treatment of Microvascular Hemorrhage. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Sep; 11 (34):e2403615 Epub 2024 July 25 View PubMed Demirlenk YM, Albadawi H, Zhang Z, Atar D, Cevik E, Keum H, Kim J, Rehman S, Gunduz S, Graf E, Mayer JL, Dos Santos PR, Oklu R. Prostate tissue ablation and drug delivery by an image-guided injectable ionic liquid in ex vivo and in vivo models. Sci Transl Med. 2024 Jul 3; 16 (754):eadn7982 Epub 2024 July 03 View PubMed Cevik E, Albadawi H, Zhang Z, Demirlenk Y, Atar D, Keum C, Kim J, Graf E, Gunduz S, Rehman S, Oklu R. Catheter-Directed Ionic Liquid Embolic Agent for Rapid Portal Vein Embolization, Segmentectomy, and Bile Duct Ablation. Adv Mater. 2024 Jul; 36 (29):e2402570 Epub 2024 May 07 View PubMed Keum H, Albadawi H, Zhang Z, Graf E, Santos PRD, Gunduz S, Oklu R. Bioengineered Ionic Liquid for Catheter-Directed Tissue Ablation, Drug Delivery, and Embolization. Adv Mater. 2024 Jun; 36 (23):e2309412 Epub 2024 Feb 16 View PubMed Graf EH. Extended-spectrum B-Lactamase-producing enterobacterales. ASCP Case Reports Microbiology. 2024 Jun. Kasule S, Fernholz E, Grant L, Kole A, Grys TE, Kaleta E, Theel ES, Pritt B, Graf EH. Whole-Blood PCR Preferred for Timely Diagnosis of Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infections: Lessons From the 2021 Arizona Outbreak. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 May; 11 (5):ofae188 Epub 2024 Apr 24 View PubMed Budvytyte L, Schroeder M, Graf E, Vaillant JJ. Rapid Progression of Invasive Listeria monocytogenes Infection in a Patient With Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Ustekinumab. Cureus. 2024 Apr; 16 (4):e58116 Epub 2024 Apr 12 View PubMed Grant LM, Seville MT, Graf EH, Vikram HR. Rhodococcus erythropolis septic arthritis. BMJ Case Rep. 2023 Oct 6; 16 (10) Epub 2023 Oct 06 View PubMed Graf E. Selection Process for CLIA-Waived Testing for SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Influenza Viruses CLSI POCT 18. 2023; (1st Edition). Gupta S, Cunningham CA, Grant LM, Abdou MM, Graf EH, Seville MT. Dual infection with Alternaria and Nocardia in a renal transplant patient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2023 Jun; 25 (3):e14026 Epub 2023 Feb 07 View PubMed Speiser LJ, Graf EH, Seville MT, Singbartl K, Dalton ML, Harrington D, Kretschmer M, Kuljanin M, Zabel K, Sunenshine R, Ruberto I, Venkat H, Grys TE. Burkholderia pseudomallei Laboratory Exposure, Arizona, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 May; 29 (5):1061-1063 View PubMed Speiser LJ, Kasule S, Hall CM, Sahl JW, Wagner DM, Saling C, Kole A, Meltzer AJ, Davila V, Orenstein R, Grys T, Graf E. A Case of Burkholderia pseudomallei Mycotic Aneurysm Linked to Exposure in the Caribbean via Whole-Genome Sequencing. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 May; 9 (5):ofac136 Epub 2022 Mar 21 View PubMed Greninger AL, Dien Bard J, Colgrove RC, Graf EH, Hanson KE, Hayden MK, Humphries RM, Lowe CF, Miller MB, Pillai DR, Rhoads DD, Yao JD, Lee FM. Clinical and Infection Prevention Applications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Genotyping: An Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Society for Microbiology Consensus Review Document. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 28; 74 (8):1496-1502 View PubMed Clements EG, Graf EH. Leading in a Clinical Molecular Laboratory: It Is Not Just About the Science. J Mol Diagn. 2022 Feb; 24 (2):109-111 Epub 2021 Nov 24 View PubMed Greninger AL, Dien Bard J, Colgrove RC, Graf EH, Hanson KE, Hayden MK, Humphries RM, Lowe CF, Miller MB, Pillai DR, Rhoads DD, Yao JD, Lee FM. Clinical and Infection Prevention Applications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Genotyping: an Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Society for Microbiology Consensus Review Document. J Clin Microbiol. 2022 Jan 19; 60 (1):e0165921 Epub 2021 Nov 03 View PubMed Graf EH. Automation in Clinical Microbiology ASCP Case Reports. 2022. Graf EH. West Nile Virus Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnostic Considerations. ASCP Case Reports. 2022. Graf EH. Finding the Middle Ground with the Clinical Laboratory's Role in SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance. J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Nov 18; 59 (12):e0181621 Epub 2021 Sept 22 View PubMed Okubo K, Iqbal S, Lizaola-Mayo B, Aqel B, Graf EH, Banacloche JCG, Singer AL, Harbell JW. Liver Transplant in a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Positive COVID-19 Recipient: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2021 Oct; 53 (8):2490-2494 Epub 2021 July 29 View PubMed Nolte FS, Babady NE, Buchan BW, Capraro GA, Graf EH, Leber AL, McElvania E, Yao JDC. Responding to the Challenges of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Perspectives from the Association for Molecular Pathology Infectious Disease Subdivision Leadership. J Mol Diagn. 2020 Aug; 22 (8):968-974 Epub 2020 June 19 View PubMed Uprety P, Graf EH. Closing the Brief Case: Nystagmus in a 3-Month-Old Leading to a Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Clin Microbiol 2020 Jun 24; 58 (7) Epub 2020 June 24 View PubMed Uprety P, Graf EH. The Brief Case: Nystagmus in a 3-Month-Old Leading to a Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Clin Microbiol 2020 Jun 24; 58 (7) Epub 2020 June 24 View PubMed Graf EH, Pancholi P. Appropriate Use and Future Directions of Molecular Diagnostic Testing. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2020 Feb 6; 22 (2):5 Epub 2020 Feb 06 View PubMed Uprety P, Graf EH. Enterovirus infection and acute flaccid myelitis. Curr Opin Virol. 2020 Feb; 40:55-60 Epub 2020 July 22 View PubMed Graf E. Clinical Spectrum and Laboratory Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus Diseases. ASCP Case Reports. 2020. Graf E. The emergence of pathogen genomics in diagnostic laboratories. Clin Lab Science. 2019. Dougherty C, Graf E. Next generation sequencing for outbreak investigation in the clinical microbiology laboratory Clin Lab Science. 2019. Graf E. Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. ASCP Case Reports. 2019. Russo ME, Pogoriler JE, Graf E. Disseminated fungal infection in an immunocompromised host and the role of molecular diagnostics. ASCP Case Rep Microbiol. 2019. Burns JE, Graf EH. Answer to December 2019 Photo Quiz. J Clin Microbiol 2019 Dec; 57 (12) Epub 2019 Nov 22 View PubMed Burns JE, Graf EH. Photo Quiz: A Mysterious Case of Neonatal Meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 2019 Dec; 57 (12) Epub 2019 Nov 22 View PubMed Uprety P, Curtis D, Elkan M, Fink J, Rajagopalan R, Zhao C, Bittinger K, Mitchell S, Ulloa ER, Hopkins S, Graf EH. Association of Enterovirus D68 with Acute Flaccid Myelitis, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2009-2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 Sep; 25 (9):1676-1682 Epub 2019 Sept 17 View PubMed Chang YC, Graf E, Green AM. Invasive Curvularia Infection in Pediatric Patients With Hematologic Malignancy Identified by Fungal Sequencing. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2019 Mar 28; 8 (1):87-91 View PubMed Brostowski LE, Graf EH. Closing the Brief Case: Meningococcemia Leading to a Diagnosis of Complement Deficiency in a 23-Month-Old. J Clin Microbiol. 2019 Feb; 57 (2) Epub 2019 Jan 30 View PubMed Brostowski LE, Graf EH. The Brief Case: Meningococcemia Leading to a Diagnosis of Complement Deficiency in a 23-Month-Old. J Clin Microbiol. 2019 Feb; 57 (2) Epub 2019 Jan 30 View PubMed Sammons JS, Graf EH, Townsend S, Hoegg CL, Smathers SA, Coffin SE, Williams K, Mitchell SL, Nawab U, Munson D, Quinn G, Binenbaum G. Outbreak of Adenovirus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Critical Importance of Equipment Cleaning During Inpatient Ophthalmologic Examinations. Ophthalmology. 2019 Jan; 126 (1):137-143 Epub 2018 Sept 01 View PubMed Burns JE, Graf EH. The Brief Case: Disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae in an 18-Year-Old Female. J Clin Microbiol 2018 Apr; 56 (4) Epub 2018 Mar 26 View PubMed Burns JE, Graf EH. Closing the Brief Case: Disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae in an 18-Year-Old Female. J Clin Microbiol 2018 Apr; 56 (4) Epub 2018 Mar 26 View PubMed Kitt E, Brannock KR, VonHolz LA, Planet PJ, Graf E, Pillai V. A Case Report of Pediatric Brucellosis in an Algerian Immigrant. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017 Winter; 4 (1):ofw263 Epub 2017 Feb 10 View PubMed Dixit A, Alexandrescu S, Boyer D, Graf EH, Vargas SO, Silverman M. Mycoplasma hominis Empyema in an 18-Year-old Stem Cell and Lung Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017 Nov 24; 6 (4):e173-e176 View PubMed Montgomery S, Roman K, Ngyuen L, Cardenas AM, Knox J, Tomaras AP, Graf EH. Prospective Evaluation of Light Scatter Technology Paired with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2017 Jun; 55 (6):1802-1811 Epub 2017 Mar 29 View PubMed Graf EH, Farquharson MV, Cardenas AM. Comparative evaluation of the FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis molecular panel in a pediatric population. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Jan; 87 (1):92-94 Epub 2016 Oct 01 View PubMed Fortuna D, Cardenas AM, Graf EH, Harshyne LA, Hooper DC, Prosniak M, Shields J, Curtis MT. Human parechovirus and enterovirus initiate distinct CNS innate immune responses: Pathogenic and diagnostic implications. J Clin Virol. 2017 Jan; 86:39-45 Epub 2016 Nov 23 View PubMed Pinzone MR, Graf E, Lynch L, McLaughlin B, Hecht FM, Connors M, Migueles SA, Hwang WT, Nunnari G, O'Doherty U. Monitoring Integration over Time Supports a Role for Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Ongoing Replication as Determinants of Reservoir Size. J Virol. 2016 Dec 1; 90 (23):10436-10445 Epub 2016 Nov 14 View PubMed Kitt E, Keaton AA, Graf EH. The Brief Case: Probable Transfusion-Transmitted Babesiosis in a Transplant Recipient. J Clin Microbiol 2016 Nov; 54 (11):2632-2634 View PubMed Kitt E, Keaton AA, Graf EH. Closing the Brief Case: Probable Transfusion-Transmitted Babesiosis in a Transplant Recipient. J Clin Microbiol 2016 Nov; 54 (11):2842 View PubMed Flygare S, Simmon K, Miller C, Qiao Y, Kennedy B, Di Sera T, Graf EH, Tardif KD, Kapusta A, Rynearson S, Stockmann C, Queen K, Tong S, Voelkerding KV, Blaschke A, Byington CL, Jain S, Pavia A, Ampofo K, Eilbeck K, Marth G, Yandell M, Schlaberg R. Taxonomer: an interactive metagenomics analysis portal for universal pathogen detection and host mRNA expression profiling. Genome Biol. 2016 May 26; 17 (1):111 View PubMed Graf EH, Simmon KE, Tardif KD, Hymas W, Flygare S, Eilbeck K, Yandell M, Schlaberg R. Unbiased Detection of Respiratory Viruses by Use of RNA Sequencing-Based Metagenomics: a Systematic Comparison to a Commercial PCR Panel. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Apr; 54 (4):1000-7 Epub 2016 Jan 27 View PubMed Couturier MR, Graf EH, Griffin AT. Urine antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory infections: legionellosis, histoplasmosis, pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Lab Med. 2014 Jun; 34 (2):219-36 Epub 2014 Apr 12 View PubMed Pace MJ, Graf EH, O'Doherty U. HIV 2-long terminal repeat circular DNA is stable in primary CD4+T Cells. Virology. 2013 Jun 20; 441 (1):18-21 Epub 2013 Mar 26 View PubMed Graf EH, O'Doherty U. Quantitation of integrated proviral DNA in viral reservoirs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Mar; 8 (2):100-5 View PubMed Eriksson S, Graf EH, Dahl V, Strain MC, Yukl SA, Lysenko ES, Bosch RJ, Lai J, Chioma S, Emad F, Abdel-Mohsen M, Hoh R, Hecht F, Hunt P, Somsouk M, Wong J, Johnston R, Siliciano RF, Richman DD, O'Doherty U, Palmer S, Deeks SG, Siliciano JD. Comparative analysis of measures of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 eradication studies. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Feb; 9 (2):e1003174 Epub 2013 Feb 14 View PubMed Graf EH, Pace MJ, Peterson BA, Lynch LJ, Chukwulebe SB, Mexas AM, Shaheen F, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Connors M, Migueles SA, O'Doherty U. Gag-positive reservoir cells are susceptible to HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated clearance in vitro and can be detected in vivo [corrected]. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (8):e71879 Epub 2013 Aug 07 View PubMed Hatano H, Yukl SA, Ferre AL, Graf EH, Somsouk M, Sinclair E, Abdel-Mohsen M, Liegler T, Harvill K, Hoh R, Palmer S, Bacchetti P, Hunt PW, Martin JN, McCune JM, Tracy RP, Busch MP, O'Doherty U, Shacklett BL, Wong JK, Deeks SG. Prospective antiretroviral treatment of asymptomatic, HIV-1 infected controllers. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9 (10):e1003691 Epub 2013 Oct 10 View PubMed Mexas AM, Graf EH, Pace MJ, Yu JJ, Papasavvas E, Azzoni L, Busch MP, Di Mascio M, Foulkes AS, Migueles SA, Montaner LJ, O'Doherty U. Concurrent measures of total and integrated HIV DNA monitor reservoirs and ongoing replication in eradication trials. AIDS. 2012 Nov 28; 26 (18):2295-306 View PubMed Mendoza D, Johnson SA, Peterson BA, Natarajan V, Salgado M, Dewar RL, Burbelo PD, Doria-Rose NA, Graf EH, Greenwald JH, Hodge JN, Thompson WL, Cogliano NA, Chairez CL, Rehm CA, Jones S, Hallahan CW, Kovacs JA, Sereti I, Sued O, Peel SA, O'Connell RJ, O'Doherty U, Chun TW, Connors M, Migueles SA. Comprehensive analysis of unique cases with extraordinary control over HIV replication. Blood. 2012 May 17; 119 (20):4645-55 Epub 2012 Apr 05 View PubMed Pace MJ, Graf EH, Agosto LM, Mexas AM, Male F, Brady T, Bushman FD, O'Doherty U. Directly infected resting CD4+T cells can produce HIV Gag without spreading infection in a model of HIV latency. PLoS Pathog. 2012; 8 (7):e1002818 Epub 2012 July 26 View PubMed Pace MJ, Agosto L, Graf EH, O'Doherty U. HIV reservoirs and latency models. Virology. 2011 Mar 15; 411 (2):344-54 Epub 2011 Feb 01 View PubMed Graf EH, Mexas AM, Yu JJ, Shaheen F, Liszewski MK, Di Mascio M, Migueles SA, Connors M, O'Doherty U. Elite suppressors harbor low levels of integrated HIV DNA and high levels of 2-LTR circular HIV DNA compared to HIV+ patients on and off HAART. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Feb; 7 (2):e1001300 Epub 2011 Feb 24 View PubMed Agosto LM, Liszewski MK, Mexas A, Graf E, Pace M, Yu JJ, Bhandoola A, O'Doherty U. Patients on HAART often have an excess of unintegrated HIV DNA: implications for monitoring reservoirs. Virology. 2011 Jan 5; 409 (1):46-53 View PubMed PST-20466262 Home Publications