08/08/2025
  1. Dehn R, et al., eds. Inserting intravenous catheters. In: Essential Clinical Procedures. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 6, 2025.
  2. Mauro MA, et al., eds. Peripherally inserted central catheters and nontunneled central venous catheters. In: Image-Guided Interventions. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 5, 2025.
  3. Andreas A, et al., eds. Venous access and interventions. In: Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 5, 2025.
  4. Heffner AC, et al. Central venous access in adults: General principles of placement. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 6, 2025.
  5. Gomella LG, et al., eds. Bedside procedures. In: Gomella and Haist's Clinician's Pocket Reference. 12th ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Jan. 16, 2025.
  6. Young MP, et al. Central venous catheters: Overview of complications and prevention in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 6, 2025.
  7. Chopra V. Central venous access: Device and site selection in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 6, 2025.
  8. Ullman AJ, et al. Routine care and maintenance of intravenous devices. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 6, 2025.
  9. Chopra V. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related venous thrombosis in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 6, 2025.
  10. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 22, 2025.

ذات صلة

أنبوب القسطرة المركزية المُدخَلة طرفيًّا (PICC)