来自妙佑医疗国际员工

肠胃炎是胃和肠道发炎。常见病因是：

  • 病毒
  • 食物或水被细菌或寄生虫污染
  • 药物的副作用

特征性体征和症状包括：

  • 恶心或呕吐
  • 腹泻
  • 腹部绞痛
  • 低烧（有时）

根据发炎的病因，症状可能会持续一天至一周以上。

如果您怀疑自己患有肠胃炎：

  • 小口喝液体，例如运动饮料或水，预防脱水。饮用液体过急会加剧恶心和呕吐，因此，试着在几小时内多次少量饮用，不要一次大量饮用。
  • 记录排尿。您应定时排尿，尿液应为淡色透明。排出罕见的深色尿是脱水体征。头晕和头重脚轻也是脱水体征。如出现任一体征和症状，且您无法饮用大量液体，请就医。
  • 慢慢恢复进食。如果您感到恶心，尝试多次摄入少量的食物。此外，逐渐开始吃清淡易消化的食物，如苏打饼干、烤面包、食用明胶、香蕉、苹果酱、米饭和鸡肉。如果又开始恶心，请停止进食。近几天内避免食用牛奶和奶制品、咖啡因、酒精、尼古丁以及脂肪含量高或调味料丰富的食物。
  • 充分休息。疾病和脱水会让您感到虚弱和疲倦。

如果出现以下情况，请就医：

  • 呕吐持续两天以上
  • 腹泻持续数天以上
  • 腹泻便血
  • 发热超过 102 F（39 C）或更高
  • 站立时头重脚轻或昏厥
  • 意识混乱
  • 腹痛加剧

如果您怀疑您的孩子患有肠胃炎：

  • 让孩子休息。
  • 孩子停止呕吐时，给他/她喝少量口服补液（CeraLyte、Enfalyte、Pedialyte）。不要只给孩子喝水或苹果汁。喝水太快会加重恶心和呕吐，因此尽量在几个小时内频繁小口喝水，而不是一次性摄入大量的水。尝试使用滴管代替瓶子或杯子来装补液溶液。
  • 逐步添加清淡易消化的食物，例如吐司、大米、香蕉和土豆。避免给孩子食用全脂奶制品（如全脂牛奶和冰淇淋）以及含糖食物（如碳酸饮料和糖果）。这些可能加剧腹泻。
  • 如果您正在母乳喂养，让宝宝吃母乳。如果您的宝宝是奶粉喂养，给他少量的口服补液溶液或配方奶粉。

如果您的孩子出现以下情况，请就医：

  • 变得异常困倦。
  • 经常呕吐或吐血。
  • 出现血性腹泻。
  • 表现出脱水迹象，如口腔干燥、皮肤干燥、明显口渴、眼睛凹陷或无泪哭泣。对婴儿而言，要注意头顶囟门出现凹陷以及尿布保持干燥超过三小时的情况。
  • 婴儿出现发热。
  • 3 月龄以上，发热 102 F（39 C）或以上。

If you suspect you have gastroenteritis:

  • Sip liquids. Sip a sports drink or water to prevent dehydration. Drinking fluids too quickly can make nausea and vomiting worse. Take small sips often over a couple of hours, instead of drinking a large amount at once.
  • Take note of urination. You should be urinating at regular intervals, and your urine should be light and clear. Infrequent passage of dark urine is a sign of dehydration. Dizziness and lightheadedness also are symptoms of dehydration. If any of these symptoms occur and you can't drink enough fluids, seek medical attention.
  • Ease back into eating. Try to eat small amounts of food frequently if you experience nausea. Otherwise, slowly begin to eat bland, easy-to-digest foods, such as soda crackers, toast, gelatin, bananas, applesauce, rice and chicken. Stop eating if your nausea returns. Avoid milk and dairy products, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and fatty or highly seasoned foods for a few days.
  • Get plenty of rest. The illness and dehydration can make you weak and tired.

Seek medical attention if:

  • Vomiting lasts more than two days.
  • Diarrhea lasts more than several days.
  • Diarrhea turns bloody.
  • Fever is more than 102 Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius) or higher.
  • You get lightheaded or faint when you stand.
  • Confusion develops.
  • Stomach pain develops.

If you suspect gastroenteritis in your child:

  • Encourage your child to rest.
  • When your child's vomiting stops, begin to offer small amounts of an oral rehydration solution (Ceralyte, Enfalyte, Pedialyte). Don't use only water or only apple juice. Drinking fluids too quickly can worsen the nausea and vomiting, so try to give small frequent sips over a couple of hours, instead of drinking a large amount at once. Try using a water dropper of rehydration solution instead of a bottle or cup.
  • Gradually introduce bland, easy-to-digest foods, such as toast, rice, bananas and potatoes. Avoid giving your child full-fat dairy products, such as whole milk and ice cream, and sugary foods, such as sodas and candy. These can make diarrhea worse.
  • If you're breastfeeding, let your baby nurse. If your baby is bottle-fed, offer a small amount of an oral rehydration solution or regular formula.

Seek medical attention if your child:

  • Becomes unusually drowsy.
  • Vomits frequently or vomits blood.
  • Has bloody diarrhea.
  • Shows signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth and skin, marked thirst, sunken eyes, or crying without tears. In an infant, be alert to the soft spot on the top of the head becoming sunken and to diapers that remain dry for more than three hours.
  • Is an infant and has a fever.
  • Is older than 3 months of age and has a fever of 102 Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius) or more.
Aug. 08, 2023

也可查阅

  1. 腹痛
  2. 腹泻
  3. 头痛
  4. 肌肉疼痛
  5. 恶心和呕吐