打印 概述1 型糖尿病是一种慢性病,曾被称为青少年糖尿病或胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。这类糖尿病患者的胰腺不产生胰岛素或产生的胰岛素很少。胰岛素是一种激素,身体利用它让糖(葡萄糖)进入细胞产生能量。 遗传和某些病毒等不同因素都可能会导致 1 型糖尿病。虽然 1 型糖尿病通常出现在儿童或青少年时期,但成人也可能患上这种疾病。 尽管进行了大量研究,但 1 型糖尿病尚无治愈方法。治疗的方向是通过胰岛素、饮食和生活方式来控制血液中的糖量,以防止并发症。产品与服务书籍:《妙佑医疗国际糖尿病饮食》书籍:《糖尿病精要》显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状1 型糖尿病的症状可能突然出现,包括: 感觉比平时更口渴 大量排尿 从不在夜里尿床的儿童尿床 感觉非常饥饿 体重意外下降 感觉易怒或有其他情绪变化 感觉疲惫和虚弱 视力模糊 何时就医如果您或您的孩子出现上述任何症状,请咨询医务人员。 申请预约 病因1 型糖尿病的确切病因尚不明确。通常而言,自身免疫系统(常与有害的细菌和病毒作斗争)会破坏胰腺中产生胰岛素(胰岛)的细胞。其他可能的原因包括: 遗传学 接触病毒和其他环境因素 胰岛素的作用一旦大量胰岛细胞遭到破坏,身体将产生少量或不产生胰岛素。胰岛素是由胃后下方的腺体(胰腺)分泌的激素。 胰腺将胰岛素注入血流。 胰岛素流过身体,允许糖进入细胞。 胰岛素会降低血液中的糖分。 随着血糖水平下降,胰腺向血流中注入的胰岛素减少。 葡萄糖的作用葡萄糖这种糖是组成肌肉和其他组织的细胞的主要能量来源。 葡萄糖有两大主要来源:食物和肝脏。 糖被吸收后进入血流,在胰岛素的帮助下进入细胞。 肝脏以糖原的形式储存葡萄糖。 如果您因一段时间未进食等原因而导致葡萄糖水平低,肝脏会将储存的糖原分解为葡萄糖,确保您的葡萄糖水平维持在正常范围。 出现 1 型糖尿病时,由于胰岛素缺乏,葡萄糖无法进入细胞,因此糖在血流中堆积。这可能导致危及生命的并发症。 风险因素可能增加 1 型糖尿病风险的一些因素包括: 家族史。父母或兄弟姐妹患有 1 型糖尿病的人出现此医学状况的风险会略高。 遗传因素。具有某些基因会增加患 1 型糖尿病的风险。 地理因素。离赤道越远,1 型糖尿病的发病率越高。 年龄因素。1 型糖尿病可能在任何年龄出现,但有两个明显的高峰期。第一个高峰期是 4 到 7 岁的儿童。第二个高峰期是 10 到 14 岁的儿童。 并发症随着时间的推移,1 型糖尿病并发症可能会影响身体的主要器官。这些器官包括心脏、血管、神经、眼睛和肾脏。保持正常的血糖水平可以降低许多并发症的风险。 糖尿病并发症可能会导致残疾,甚至危及生命。 心脏和血管疾病。糖尿病会增加某些心脏和血管问题的风险。这些问题包括冠状动脉疾病伴胸部疼痛(心绞痛)、心脏病发作、卒中、动脉狭窄(动脉粥样硬化)和高血压。 神经损伤(神经病变)。血糖过多会伤害滋养神经的细小血管(毛细血管)的管壁。尤其是在腿部。这会引起患者肢体刺痛、麻木、灼热或疼痛,通常从足趾尖或手指尖开始,逐渐向上蔓延。血糖控制不佳会导致患肢逐渐丧失所有感觉。 累及消化系统的神经损伤会导致恶心、呕吐、腹泻或便秘等问题。这可能会导致男性出现勃起功能障碍。 肾脏损伤(肾脏病变)。肾脏中有数以百万计的微小血管,用于阻止废物进入血液。糖尿病可能损害这一系统。严重损害可能会导致肾衰竭或不可逆的终末期肾病。终末期肾病需要通过肾脏机械过滤(透析)或肾脏移植治疗。 眼睛损伤。糖尿病可能损害视网膜(眼睛感知光线的部分)中的血管(糖尿病性视网膜病变)。这可能会导致失明。糖尿病还会增加患白内障和青光眼等其他严重视力疾病的风险。 足部损伤。足部神经损伤或血流不足会增加某些足部并发症的风险。如果不加以治疗,伤口和水疱可能会发展为严重的感染。这些感染可能需要通过切除脚趾、脚或腿(截肢术)来治疗。 皮肤和口腔疾病。糖尿病可能会让皮肤和口腔更容易受到感染,包括细菌和真菌感染。这也会导致牙龈疾病和口腔干燥症的风险增加。 妊娠并发症。高血糖水平对母亲和婴儿都有危险。糖尿病未得到妥善控制可能导致流产、死产和出生缺陷的风险增加。对于母亲而言,糖尿病会增加糖尿病酮症酸中毒、糖尿病眼病(视网膜病变)、妊娠引起的高血压和子痫前期的风险。 预防目前尚无预防 1 型糖尿病的方法。但研究人员正致力于预防这种疾病,或防止新确诊患者的胰岛细胞受到进一步损伤。 您可以向医务人员咨询您是否有资格参与其中一项临床试验,但需要谨慎权衡试验中任何可用治疗的风险和益处。 在妙佑医疗国际的体验与患者故事 患者告诉我们,互动质量、关注细节以及就医效率都是他们从未经历过的医疗体验。查看妙佑医疗国际满意患者的故事。 Pancreas transplant to cure diabetesIt was in 2017 when 48-year-old Lynn Guzik suffered a massive heart attack out of the blue. An insulin-dependent diabetic for more than 20 years, Lynn struggled to control her diabetes, but she hadn’t had any heart issues before. The damage to her heart was significant, however, and in 2017, Lynn underwent a heart transplant in her then-hometown of Houston, Texas. Despite her new heart, Lynn, a mother of two, says she could barely function… 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请预约 诊断与治疗 May 03, 2023 打印 Share on: FacebookTwitterWeChatWeChatCloseWeibo 显示参考文献 Summary of revisions: Standards of medical care in diabetes — 2022. Diabetes Care. 2022; doi:10.2337/dc22-Srev. Papadakis MA, et al., eds. Diabetes mellitus. In: Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022. 61st ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed May 4, 2022. What is diabetes? National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes. Accessed May 4, 2022. Levitsky LL, et al. 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U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-its-kind-automated-insulin-delivery-and-monitoring-system-use-young-pediatric#:~:text=Today, the U.S. Food and,by individuals aged 2 to. Accessed May 8, 2022. What you need to know: Getting a COVID-19 vaccine. American Diabetes Association. https://www.diabetes.org/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccination-guide. 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