诊断

医疗护理专业人员会询问您的病史,并对您进行全面体格检查。在某些情况下,由于其他原因进行的脊柱 MRICT 扫描可能会发现脊髓空洞症。

如果医疗护理专业人员怀疑您可能患有脊髓空洞症,您可能需要接受一些检查。检查可能包括:

  • MRI脊柱和脊髓 MRI 是最可靠的脊髓空洞症诊断方法。

    MRI 利用无线电波和强磁场生成脊柱和脊髓的详细图像。如果脊髓内出现空洞,则可在 MRI 扫描中观察到。

    后续可以通过复查 MRI 来监测脊髓空洞症的进展。

  • CT 扫描。CT 扫描使用一系列 X 线来创建脊柱和脊髓的详细图像,可用于揭示肿瘤或其他脊柱状况。

治疗

脊髓空洞症的治疗取决于症状的严重程度和空洞的大小。

监测

如果脊髓空洞症未引起症状,则可能不需要治疗。医疗护理专业人员可能会不时通过 MRI 和神经系统检查来查明具体病情。

外科手术

如果脊髓空洞症引发的症状妨碍了日常生活,或者症状迅速恶化,则可能需要手术。

手术目的是消除脊髓空洞对脊髓造成的压力,使脑脊液恢复正常流动。这有助于改善症状和神经系统功能。所需手术类型取决于脊髓空洞症的病因。

为减轻脑和脊髓的压力,可选择的手术包括:

  • 治疗小脑扁桃体下疝畸形。如果脊髓空洞症是由小脑扁桃体下疝畸形引起的,手术可能需要切除颅骨后部的一小块骨头。这种手术可以减轻脑和脊髓的压力,恢复脑脊液的正常流动。手术或许能改善或清除脊髓空洞症。
  • 排空脊髓空洞。医疗护理专业人员会插入一根称为分流管的引流装置。该装置包含一根软管,可使液体从脊髓空洞流向所需的方向。软管的一端位于脊髓空洞,另一端位于身体的另一个部位,如腹部。
  • 切除阻碍物。有时,脊髓内有东西干扰脑脊液的流动。例如肿瘤或骨刺。手术切除阻碍物可恢复脑脊液的流动畅通。这可以使脑脊液从脊髓空洞排出。
  • 纠正异常。如果是脊柱异常阻碍了脑脊液的流动,则可能需要手术。例如,手术可以松解脊髓栓系,恢复脑脊液流动。这样便于脊髓空洞的引流。

手术并不一定能修复脊髓空洞。有时即使尝试将其中的液体排出,脊髓空洞也仍然存在。

随访护理

手术后脊髓空洞症可能会复发。您将需要定期与医护团队约诊进行检查。您还可能不时需要进行 MRI 扫描来检查手术的转归。

脊髓空洞可能会随着时间的推移而增大,并可能需要更多的治疗。即使在治疗后,脊髓空洞症的一些症状仍然可持续存在。这是因为空洞会对脊髓和神经造成永久性损伤。

Procedures

Less invasive procedures may be available to treat pain symptoms of syringomyelia. Less invasive means that no cuts, or only very small cuts, are made in the body. Procedures include:

  • Spinal cord stimulation (SCS). In this treatment, a small device is placed near the spinal cord. The device sends electrical pulses through thin wires into the spinal cord. These electrical pulses block pain signals. SCS may be a good option for pain that is hard to manage with medicines or other treatments.
  • Stem cell transplant. One small study showed that transplanting stem cells near a syrinx reduced pain and caused the syrinx to shrink. Although more research is needed, stem cell therapy may show promise as a nonsurgical treatment for syringomyelia.

Surgery

Surgery may be needed if syringomyelia is causing symptoms that get in the way of daily life or if symptoms suddenly get worse.

The goal of surgery is to remove the pressure the syrinx places on the spinal cord and to restore the regular flow of cerebrospinal fluid. This can help improve symptoms and nervous system function. The type of surgery needed depends on the cause of syringomyelia.

To reduce pressure on the brain and spinal cord, surgery options include:

  • Treating Chiari malformation. If syringomyelia is caused by Chiari malformation, surgery might involve removing a small section of bone at the back of the skull. This surgery is called posterior fossa decompression. It can reduce pressure on the brain and spinal cord and restore the regular flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Surgery may improve or clear syringomyelia.
  • Draining the syrinx. Your healthcare professional inserts a drainage system, called a shunt. It consists of a flexible tube that keeps fluid from the syrinx flowing in the desired direction. One end of the tubing is placed in the syrinx. The other end is placed in an open area of the spine or chest.
  • Removing a growth or blockage. Sometimes, something within the spinal cord is affecting the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Examples include a tumor or a bone spur. Surgically removing the growth or blockage might restore CSF flow. This can allow fluid to drain from the syrinx.
  • Releasing a tethered spinal cord. A tethered spinal cord may restrict movement of the spine and affect the flow of CSF. Surgery that helps correct this condition can restore fluid flow and allow the syrinx to drain.

Surgery doesn't always get rid of the syrinx. Sometimes the syrinx remains even after efforts to drain the fluid from it.

Follow-up care

Syringomyelia can come back after surgery. It's important to have regular exams by your healthcare team to monitor the area that had the syrinx. Your care team may have you repeat an MRI to check the outcome of surgery.

The syrinx can grow over time and may require more treatment. Even after treatment, some symptoms of syringomyelia can remain. This is because a syrinx can cause lasting damage to the spinal cord and nerves.

生活方式与家庭疗法

The following steps might help reduce the effects of syringomyelia.

避免会使症状加重的活动

避免进行需要举重、使脊柱负重或受压的活动。

考虑物理疗法和职业疗法

脊髓空洞症有时会导致神经系统状况,从而降低运动能力。例如,它可能导致肌无力、疼痛、疲劳或僵硬。物理疗法和职业疗法可帮助改善肌肉功能。物理治疗师可为您制定运动计划,帮助您减轻这些症状。职业治疗师可指导您如何更好地完成日常事务。

请向医疗护理团队询问您所在地区擅长治疗神经系统状况的物理治疗师和职业治疗师。

控制慢性疼痛

如果您因脊髓空洞症而出现慢性疼痛,请向医疗护理团队咨询治疗方案。许多医疗中心都有专攻疼痛管理的医生。

妥善处理与支持

脊髓空洞症及其并发症可能对患者的生活带来诸多挑战。找个人谈谈,无论是朋友、心理咨询师还是治疗师,都可以获益良多。您或许也可能在脊髓空洞症互助小组找到您需要的支持和鼓励。

您可以让医疗护理专业人员推荐一个当地的互助小组,也可以在网上寻找互助小组。互助小组不仅提供了经验分享的场所,也是一个很好的信息来源,可为脊髓空洞症患者提供有用的建议。

准备您的预约

您可能需要先咨询家庭医疗护理专业人员。您可能会被转诊至神经科医生。神经科医生接受过脑部和神经系统状况的相关训练。

以下信息有助于您做好就诊准备。

您可以做些什么

约诊时,请询问是否需要提前准备任何事项。如果您有可能与您状况有关的以往体检报告、MRI 扫描或 CT 扫描报告,请携带赴诊。

尽量请家人或朋友陪同赴诊,他们可以帮您记住您获得的信息。

请列出以下各项:

  • 您的症状以及症状开始的时间
  • 关键个人信息,包括您曾做过的脊柱或背部手术、受伤情况以及您的脊髓空洞症家族史
  • 您使用的所有药物、维生素或其他补充剂,以及相应剂量。
  • 要向医疗护理专业人员咨询的问题

对于脊髓空洞症,需向医疗护理专业人员咨询的问题包括:

  • 我的症状或状况可能是由什么原因引起的?
  • 是否还有其他可能的原因?
  • 我的症状有没有可能自行好转?
  • 我需要做哪些检查?
  • 最佳治疗方案是什么?
  • 运动是否会有所帮助?
  • 我还有其他健康状况。我如何才能同时管理好这些状况?
  • 有没有我可以参考的手册或其他印刷材料?您是否可以推荐一些网站?

医生可能做些什么

医疗护理专业人员可能会询问您一些问题,包括:

  • 您的症状是持续存在还是时有时无?
  • 您的症状有多严重?
  • 有没有什么因素似乎会改善您的症状?
  • 有没有什么因素似乎会令您的症状恶化?

在此期间您可以做什么

避免从事任何可能加重症状的活动。对许多脊髓空洞症患者而言,抬举重物或拉伸动作都会诱发症状,因此应避免此类活动。还要避免弯曲颈部。

July 22, 2026
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  3. Eisen A. Disorders affecting the spinal cord. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 3, 2023.
  4. Chiari malformations. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/chiari-malformations. Accessed Oct. 27, 2025.
  5. Syringomyelia. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7725/syringomyelia. Accessed Oct. 27, 2025.
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  7. Chiari malformation. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Chiari-Malformation. Accessed Oct. 27, 2025.
  8. Fadila M, et al. Orthopedic manifestations of syringomyelia: A comprehensive review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; doi:10.3390/jcm14093145.
  9. Yamana S, et al. Successful spinal cord stimulation using fast-acting sub-perception therapy for postoperative neuropathic pain of syringomyelia with Chiari malformation type 1: A case report and literature review. BMC Neurology. 2024; doi:10.1186/s12883-024-03789-8.
  10. Hyunjun A, et al. Treatment of syringomyelia using uncultured umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: A case report and review of literature. World Journal of Stem Cells. 2022; doi:10.4252/wjsc.v14.i4.303.
  11. Pain: Considering complementary approaches. National Center for Integrative and Complementary Health. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/pain-considering-complementary-approaches-ebook. Accessed Oct. 3, 2025.