概述

A breast lump is a growth of tissue that develops within your breast. Finding a lump in your breast can be frightening and provoke anxiety. Most breast lumps aren't dangerous, but it's important to see your doctor to have them evaluated promptly.

症状

乳腺组织通常会感到有肿块或结块,月经期可能伴有时有时无的压痛。

如果您有基础性乳腺疾病,您可能注意到对乳房的正常感觉发生变化,例如:

  • 圆滑、结实的乳房肿块
  • 感觉实心的大肿块,很容易在皮肤下移动
  • 坚硬、形状不规则的乳房肿块
  • 皮肤发红或像橘子一样凹陷
  • 乳房大小或形状的变化
  • 乳头有液体溢出

病因

引起乳房肿块的原因可能包括:

  • 乳腺囊肿。如发现光滑质硬的圆形乳房肿块,则可能是囊肿(乳导管因充满液体而扩张)。乳腺囊肿有大有小,周围的乳腺组织可能有触痛感。乳腺囊肿可能在经期前出现,之后变小或消失。
  • 乳腺纤维囊性变。如果出现乳腺纤维囊性变,您可能会感到乳房发胀,部分区域出现肿块或呈脊状。乳房可能会感到触痛。许多女性会出现与月经周期有关的乳腺纤维囊性变,症状往往在经期过后得到改善。
  • 纤维腺瘤。纤维腺瘤是实体良性乳腺肿瘤,光滑且触摸时容易在皮肤下移动。纤维腺瘤可能变大。可能与纤维腺瘤生长相关的因素包括怀孕、使用激素治疗或月经。
  • 损伤和感染。乳腺组织或邻近神经严重损伤可能引起乳房肿块。医生将此症状描述为脂肪坏死。感染液体(脓肿)在乳腺组织中蓄积也可能引起乳房肿块,导致局部乳房疼痛和皮肤发炎。
  • 乳腺癌。无痛、质硬、形状不规则且不同于周围乳腺组织的乳房肿块可能是乳腺癌。覆盖肿块的皮肤可能发红,像橘子皮一样不平整或有凹陷。乳房大小和形状可能发生变化,或者您可能注意到乳头有溢液。

只有通过医生评估,方可确定您可能需要做哪些检查,以及乳房肿块类型。

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  1. Breast lumps. Radiological Society of North America. https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastlumps. Accessed March 2, 2017.
  2. Non-cancerous breast conditions. American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html. Accessed March 2, 2017.
  3. Benign breast problems and conditions. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Benign-Breast-Problems-and-Conditions. Accessed March 2, 2017.
  4. Understanding breast changes. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/understanding-breast-changes/. Accessed March 2, 2017.
  5. Riggin EA. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Jan. 31, 2017.
  6. Pruthi S (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 6, 2017.

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