脊髓灰质炎

预约门诊
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诊断

医务人员通常可通过症状识别脊髓灰质炎，例如颈部和背部僵硬、反射异常以及肌肉无力。为了确诊，可对粪便样本进行实验室检测，看是否存在脊髓灰质炎病毒。只有在疾病发生的第一周内，才能通过咽喉拭子发现病毒。由于有时间限制，以咽喉拭子作为检测来源不如第一种方法可靠。

为排除其他神经系统疾病，还可能进行脑脊液检测，这是脑部和脊髓周围的一种液体。

治疗

由于目前尚无治愈脊髓灰质炎的方法，因此治疗该疾病的重点是要提高舒适性、加快康复速度并预防并发症。根据疾病的严重程度，支持性治疗可能包括：

  • 卧床休息
  • 止痛药
  • 控制肌肉疼痛和痉挛的热湿敷包
  • 用便携式呼吸机辅助呼吸
  • 物理疗法锻炼，以防止骨骼畸形和肌肉功能丧失
  • 夹板或其他器械，以促进脊柱和四肢的妥善定位或排列
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准备您的预约

除常见的流感样症状外，如出现中度或重度脊髓灰质炎的体征和症状，需立即就医。您可以先准备好自己或代表孩子回答的问题，包括：

  • 症状是什么时候开始出现的？
  • 您第一次患病后症状是否进展或变化？
  • 是否有任何因素改善或加重了您的症状？
  • 您最近旅行过吗？在哪里？
  • 是否有可能接触到了传染病？
  • 如果您旅行过，旅行前接种了什么疫苗？

其他资源

来自妙佑医疗国际员工
申请预约
症状与病因
April 21, 2023
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  1. Bennett JE, et al. Poliovirus. In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2022.
  2. Simionescu L, et al. Poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  3. Travel-related infectious diseases: Poliomyelitis. CDC Yellow Book 2020: Health Information for International Travel. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/travel-related-infectious-diseases/poliomyelitis. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  4. Rachlin A, et al. Progress toward polio eradication — Worldwide, January 2020-April 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7119a2.
  5. Polio in Africa. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/polio-africa. Accessed Aug. 30, 2022.
  6. Polio in Asia and Eastern Europe. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/polio-asia. Accessed Aug. 30, 2022.
  7. Polio vaccination recommendations for specific groups. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/recommendations.html. Aug. 29, 2022.
  8. Marcdante KJ, et al., eds. Polioviruses. In: Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 31, 2022.
  9. Alleman MM, et al. Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks — Worldwide, January 2020-June 2021. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7049a1.
  10. Vaccine-derived poliovirus. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/vaccine-derived-poliovirus-faq.html. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  11. Public health response to a case of paralytic poliomyelitis in an unvaccinated person and detection of poliovirus in wastewater — New York, June–August 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7133e2.
  12. Polio vaccination: What everyone should know. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/public/index.html. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  13. Anaphylaxis. American Academy of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis. Accessed Sept. 1, 2022.

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