诊断

医务人员通常可通过症状识别脊髓灰质炎,例如颈部和背部僵硬、反射异常以及肌肉无力。为了确诊,可对粪便样本进行实验室检测,看是否存在脊髓灰质炎病毒。只有在疾病发生的第一周内,才能通过咽喉拭子发现病毒。由于有时间限制,以咽喉拭子作为检测来源不如第一种方法可靠。

为排除其他神经系统疾病,还可能进行脑脊液检测,这是脑部和脊髓周围的一种液体。

治疗

由于目前尚无治愈脊髓灰质炎的方法,因此治疗该疾病的重点是要提高舒适性、加快康复速度并预防并发症。根据疾病的严重程度,支持性治疗可能包括:

  • 卧床休息
  • 止痛药
  • 控制肌肉疼痛和痉挛的热湿敷包
  • 用便携式呼吸机辅助呼吸
  • 物理疗法锻炼,以防止骨骼畸形和肌肉功能丧失
  • 夹板或其他器械,以促进脊柱和四肢的妥善定位或排列

准备您的预约

除常见的流感样症状外,如出现中度或重度脊髓灰质炎的体征和症状,需立即就医。您可以先准备好自己或代表孩子回答的问题,包括:

  • 症状是什么时候开始出现的?
  • 您第一次患病后症状是否进展或变化?
  • 是否有任何因素改善或加重了您的症状?
  • 您最近旅行过吗?在哪里?
  • 是否有可能接触到了传染病?
  • 如果您旅行过,旅行前接种了什么疫苗?
June 20, 2024
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