酒精:影响血压吗?

    饮酒是否会影响血压?

    饮酒过量可能使血管壁受到的压力升高到不健康的水平。一次饮酒超过三杯,血压就会短暂升高。长期大量饮酒会导致血压长期升高。

    至于多少饮酒量才算过量,我们有必要了解饮酒过量意味着什么。

    • 过度饮酒意味着女性在两小时内喝 4 杯或更多酒,男性在两小时内喝 5 杯或更多酒。
    • 适度饮酒是指女性每天最多喝一杯,男性每天最多喝两杯。
    • 重度饮酒意味着女性每天喝三杯以上,男性每天喝四杯以上。

    重度饮酒者适度减少饮酒量,即可令血压读数的顶部数字降低 5.5 毫米汞柱(mm Hg),并令血压读数的底部数字降低 4 毫米汞柱(mm Hg)。

    高血压患者请勿饮酒或少饮酒。对于健康成人来说,适度饮酒是指女性每天最多一杯,男性每天最多两杯。

    饮酒一杯是指:

    • 12 盎司(355 毫升)啤酒。
    • 5 盎司(148 毫升)红酒。
    • 1.5 盎司(44 毫升)40 度蒸馏酒。

    请记住,酒精含有热量,会导致体重增长。体重增长会增加患高血压的几率。酒精可能会改变某些降压药的药效。还可能会影响体内的药物水平或引发更多副作用。

    1. Tangney CC, et al. Cardiovascular benefits and risks of moderate alcohol consumption. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 8, 2024.
    2. Is drinking alcohol part of a healthy lifestyle? American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/alcohol-and-heart-health#. Accessed Sept. 8, 2024.
    3. Rethinking drinking: Alcohol and your health. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/. Accessed Sept. 8, 2024.
    4. Whelton PK, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018; doi:10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065.
    5. Roerecke M. Alcohol's impact on the cardiovascular system. Nutrients. 2021; doi:10.3390/nu13103419.
    6. 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/. Accessed Sept. 8, 2024.
    7. Roerecke M, et al. The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2017; doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30003-8.
    8. Fuchs FD, et al. The effect of alcohol on blood pressure and hypertension. Current Hypertension Report. 2021; doi:10.1007/s11906-021-01160-7.

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