Description and Brand Names

Drug information provided by: Merative, Micromedex®

US Brand Name

1. Gemzar
2. Infugem

Descriptions

Gemcitabine injection is used together with other medicines (eg, carboplatin) to treat patients with advanced ovarian cancer that has come back at least 6 months after treatment with other cancer medicines (platinum-based).

Gemcitabine injection is also used together with other medicines (eg, paclitaxel) to treat metastatic (cancer that has spread) breast cancer in patients who have received other treatments (eg, anthracycline medicine) that did not work well.

It is also used together with other medicines (eg, cisplatin) to treat non-small cell lung cancer that has advanced, spread, or cannot be treated with surgery.

Gemcitabine injection is also used to treat pancreas cancer that has advanced or spread to the other parts of the body in patients who have been previously treated with fluorouracil.

Gemcitabine interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. Since the growth of normal cells may also be affected by the medicine, other effects will also occur. Some of these may be serious and must be reported to your doctor. Other effects, like hair loss, may not be serious but may cause concern. Some effects may occur after treatment with gemcitabine has been stopped.

This medicine is to be given only by or under the direct supervision of your doctor.

This product is available in the following dosage forms:

• Solution
• Powder for Solution

Before Using

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of gemcitabine injection in the pediatric population. However, because of this medication's toxicity, it should be used with caution, after less toxic alternatives have been considered or found ineffective. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of gemcitabine injection in the elderly. However, elderly women patients are more sensitive to the effects of this medicine than younger adults.

Breastfeeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Drug Interactions

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Measles Virus Vaccine, Live
• Mumps Virus Vaccine, Live
• Rotavirus Vaccine, Live
• Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live
• Varicella Virus Vaccine, Live
• Zoster Vaccine, Live

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Adenovirus Vaccine, Live
• Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin Vaccine, Live
• Cedazuridine
• Cholera Vaccine, Live
• Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine, Live
• Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live
• Hexaminolevulinate
• Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live
• Levoketoconazole
• Methotrexate
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Live
• Smallpox Monkeypox Vaccine, Live Non-Replicating
• Smallpox Vaccine
• Typhoid Vaccine, Live
• Warfarin
• Yellow Fever Vaccine

Other Interactions

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Chickenpox (including recent exposure) or
• Herpes zoster (shingles)—Use with caution. May increase risk of the disease spreading to other parts of the body.

• Infection—Gemcitabine can decrease your body's ability to fight infection.

• Kidney disease or
• Liver disease, severe—Use with caution. The effects may be increased because of the slower removal of the medicine from the body.

• Lung or breathing problems—Use with caution. May make this condition worse.

Proper Use

A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this medicine in a medical facility. It is given through a needle placed into one of your veins. This medicine must be given slowly, so the needle should stay in place for at least 30 minutes.

Gemcitabine often causes nausea and vomiting. It can also cause flu-like symptoms such as chills, fever, general feeling of illness, headache, muscle pain, and weakness. It is very important that you continue to receive the medicine even if it makes you feel ill. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for ways to lessen these effects.

Precautions

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly. Blood and urine tests will be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Receiving this medicine while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. It may also cause birth defects if the father is receiving it when his sexual partner becomes pregnant. Female patients should use effective birth control during treatment with this medicine and for at least 6 months after the last dose. Male patients who have female partners should use effective birth control during treatment with this medicine and for at least 3 months after the last dose. If you think you have become pregnant while receiving this medicine, tell your doctor right away.

Gemcitabine can temporarily lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, increasing the chance of getting an infection. It can also lower the number of platelets, which are needed for proper blood clotting. If this occurs, there are certain precautions you can take, especially when your blood count is low, to reduce the risk of infection or bleeding:

• If you can, avoid people with infections. Check with your doctor immediately if you think you are getting an infection or if you get a fever or chills, cough or hoarseness, lower back or side pain, or painful or difficult urination.
• Check with your doctor immediately if you notice any unusual bleeding or bruising, black, tarry stools, blood in the urine or stools, or pinpoint red spots on your skin.
• Be careful when using a regular toothbrush, dental floss, or toothpick. Your medical doctor, dentist, or nurse may recommend other ways to clean your teeth and gums. Also, check with your medical doctor before having any dental work done.
• Do not touch your eyes or the inside of your nose unless you have just washed your hands and have not touched anything else in the meantime.
• Be careful not to cut yourself when you are using sharp objects such as a safety razor or fingernail or toenail cutters.
• Avoid contact sports or other situations where bruising or injury could occur.

This medicine may cause lung problems (eg, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, adult respiratory distress syndrome), which can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. Check with your doctor right away if you have new or worsening cough, fever, chest tightness, or trouble breathing.

This medicine may cause kidney problems, including hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, and kidney failure. Check with your doctor right away if you have stomach pain, blood in the urine, fever, increased or decreased urination, pinpoint red spots on the skin, swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs, unusual bleeding or bruising, unusual tiredness or weakness, or yellow eyes or skin.

Check with your doctor right away if you have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach, pale stools, dark urine, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.

This medicine may cause a condition called capillary leak syndrome. It can cause fluid to leak from the blood vessels into your body's tissues. Call your doctor right away if you have swelling or puffiness and are urinating less often, trouble breathing, feeling of fullness, dizziness, or feeling faint.

Tell your doctor right away if you have seizures, headache, confusion, vision problems, unusual drowsiness, tiredness, or weakness. These could be symptoms of a serious nervous system problem called posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

If you plan to have children, talk with your doctor before receiving this medicine. Some men using this medicine have become infertile (unable to have children).

Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

1. Black, tarry stools
2. bleeding gums
3. bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet
4. blood in the urine or stools
5. blurred vision
6. burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings
7. chest pain
8. chills
9. cloudy urine
10. confusion
11. cough
12. coughing up blood
13. diarrhea
14. difficult or labored breathing
15. difficulty in moving
16. difficulty in swallowing
17. dizziness
18. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position
19. fever
20. general feeling of discomfort or illness
21. headache
22. hoarseness
23. increased menstrual flow or vaginal bleeding
24. joint pain
25. lack or loss of strength
26. loss of appetite
27. lower back or side pain
28. muscle ache, cramps, pain, or stiffness
29. nausea
30. nosebleeds
31. painful or difficult urination
32. pale skin
33. paralysis
34. pinpoint red spots on the skin
35. prolonged bleeding from cuts
36. rapid weight gain
37. red or black, tarry stools
38. red or dark brown urine
39. runny nose
40. shivering
41. sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth
42. sore throat
43. sweating
44. swelling of the hands, ankles, feet, or lower legs
45. swelling or inflammation of the mouth
46. swollen glands
47. swollen joints
48. tightness in the chest
49. trouble sleeping
50. troubled breathing with exertion
51. unusual bleeding or bruising
52. unusual tiredness or weakness
53. unusual weight gain or loss
54. vomiting

Less common

1. Chest discomfort
2. fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat
3. headache (sudden and severe)
4. hives, itching, skin rash
5. inability to speak
6. nervousness
7. noisy breathing
8. pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck
9. pounding in the ears
10. puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
11. seizures
12. slurred speech
13. temporary blindness
14. weakness in the arm or leg or on one side of the body (sudden and severe)

Rare

1. Rapid, shallow breathing

Incidence not known

1. Blue lips and fingernails
2. cloudy urine
3. coughing that sometimes produces a pink frothy sputum
4. dark urine
5. decrease or increase in the amount of urine
6. decreased urine output
7. difficult, fast, noisy breathing
8. dilated neck veins
9. extreme tiredness or weakness
10. fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat
11. general feeling of tiredness or weakness
12. increased sweating
13. irregular breathing
14. itching, pain, redness, swelling, tenderness, or warmth on the skin
15. light-colored stools
16. sores on the skin, especially on the thighs, breasts, penis, or buttocks
17. sores, welts, or blisters
18. stomach pain, continuing
19. sudden weakness in the arms or legs
20. sudden, severe chest pain
21. swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs
22. yellow eyes or skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

1. Difficulty having a bowel movement
2. hair loss
3. sleepiness or unusual drowsiness
4. thinning of hair

Less common

1. Bleeding, blistering, burning, coldness, discoloration of skin, feeling of pressure, hives, infection, inflammation, itching, lumps, numbness, pain, rash, redness, scarring, soreness, stinging, swelling, tenderness, tingling, ulceration, or warmth at the injection site

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Portions of this document last updated: Feb. 01, 2024

Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/gemcitabine-intravenous-route/side-effects/drg-20066935