الأدوية مركزية المفعول

تُعالِج الأدوية مركزية المفعول ارتفاع ضغط الدم ولكن تصاحبها بعض الآثار الجانبية.

By Mayo Clinic Staff

تسبب الأدوية مركزية المفعول تباطؤ سرعة القلب وخفض ضغط الدم لديك. وهي تفعل ذلك عن طريق إعاقة الإشارات القادمة من المخ إلى جهازك العصبي والتي تسرع ضربات قلبك وتضيِّق أوردتك وشرايينك. ونتيجة لذلك، لا يضخ قلبك بنفس القوة ويتدفق دمك بسهولة أكبر عبر الأوعية الدموية.

أمثلة على الأدوية مركزية المفعول

تُعرف الأدوية مركزية المفعول أيضًا باسم مثبطات الأدرينالية مركزية المفعول وناهضات ألفا مركزية المفعول والناهضات مركزية المفعول.

تتوفر العديد من الأدوية مركزية المفعول. إن أنسب علاج لك يعتمد على صحتك وحالتك التي تُعالج منها.

تتضمن أمثلة الأدوية مركزية المفعول ما يلي:

  • عقار كلونيدين (كاتابريس، كابفاي)
  • عقار غوانفاسين (إنتونيف)
  • ميثيل دوبا

عندما يتم استخدام الوكلاء المركزيين

بالإضافة إلى ارتفاع ضغط الدم، يصف الأطباء الأدوية مركزية المفعول للوقاية من ظهور أعراض حالات مرضية أو علاجها أو تحسينها، ومن بين هذه الحالات:

  • اضطراب نقص الانتباه مع فرط النشاط (ADHD)
  • انسحاب المخدرات من الجسم، كما هو الحال مع أدوية الألم الأفيوني
  • هَبَّات الحرارة أثناء مرحلة انقطاع الطمث
  • متلازمة توريت

الآثار الجانبية

يمكن أن تسبِّب هذه الأدوية آثارًا جانبية خطيرة. وتستخدم عادة مع أدوية أخرى إن لم تثبت الأدوية الأخرى فعاليتها في خفض ضغط الدم. وتتضمَّن الآثار الجانبية ما يلي:

  • بطء معدل ضربات القلب بصورة غير طبيعية
  • الإمساك
  • الدوخة
  • النعاس أو الخدر
  • جفاف الفم
  • الإرهاق
  • الحُمَّى
  • الصداع
  • الضعف الجنسي

قد تتعرض لارتفاع خطير في ضغط الدم إذا توقفت فجأة عن تناول الأدوية مركزية المفعول. لا تتوقف عن تناول هذه الأدوية دون استشارة الطبيب.

21/12/2019 انظر المزيد من التفاصيل الشاملة

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