ما نوبة ارتفاع ضغط الدم؟ إذا لاحظتُ ارتفاعًا في ضغط الدم لدي، فما الذي ينبغي عليّ فعله؟

إجابة من شيلدون جي شيبس، (دكتور في الطب)

نوبة ارتفاع ضغط الدم عبارة عن ارتفاع حاد في ضغط الدم يمكن أن يؤدي إلى سكتة دماغية. فالارتفاع الشديد في ضغط الدم — أي عندما تكون القراءة الفوقية (الضغط الانقباضي) 180 ميلليمتر زئبقي (ملم زئبق) أو أعلى أو تكون القراءة التحتية (الضغط الانبساطي) 120 ملم زئبق أو أعلى — يتلف الأوعية الدموية. ومن ثم تلتهب الأوعية الدموية وقد تُسرِّب السوائل أو الدم. ونتيجة لذلك، قد لا يستطيع القلب ضخ الدم بفاعلية.

تتضمن أسباب نوبات ارتفاع ضغط الدم الطارئة ما يلي:

  • نسيان تناول دواء ضغط الدم
  • السكتة الدماغية
  • النوبة القلبية
  • فشل القلب
  • الفشل الكلوي
  • تمزق الشريان الرئيسي في الجسم (الشريان الأورطي)
  • التفاعل بين الأدوية
  • التشنجات خلال فترة الحمل (تسمم الحمل)

تنقسم نوبات ارتفاع ضغط الدم إلى قسمين: نوبة ملحة ونوبة طارئة. في نوبة ارتفاع ضغط الدم الملحة، يرتفع ضغط الدم لأقصى درجة، ولكن لا يشك الطبيب في إصابتك بأي تلف في الأعضاء.

في نوبة ارتفاع ضغط الدم الطارئة، يرتفع ضغط الدم لأقصى درجة ويسبب تلفًا في الأعضاء. يمكن لنوبة ارتفاع ضغط الدم الطارئة أن يصحبها مضاعفات مهددة للحياة.

قد تتضمن علامات نوبة ارتفاع ضغط الدم وأعراضها التي يمكن أن تهدد الحياة ما يلي:

  • ألم شديد بالصدر
  • صداع شديد، يصحبه ارتباك وتشوش في الرؤية
  • الغثيان والقيء
  • القلق الشديد
  • ضيق التنفس
  • نوبات الصرع
  • عدم الاستجابة

إذا كنت تعاني من ارتفاع حاد في ضغط الدم، فالتمس العناية الطبية الفورية. يمكن أن يتضمن علاج نوبة ارتفاع ضغط الدم الحجز في المستشفى لتلقي العلاج باستخدام الأدوية الفموية والوريدية.

11/06/2019 See more Expert Answers

اطلع كذلك على

  1. Medication-free hypertension control
  2. Adrenal Nodule Create Health Risks
  3. After a flood, are food and medicines safe to use?
  4. Alcohol: Does it affect blood pressure?
  5. Alpha blockers
  6. Amputation and diabetes
  7. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
  8. Angiotensin II receptor blockers
  9. Antiphospholipid syndrome
  10. Anxiety: A cause of high blood pressure?
  11. Arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis
  12. Artificial sweeteners: Any effect on blood sugar?
  13. AskMayoMom Pediatric Urology
  14. Beta blockers
  15. Beta blockers: Do they cause weight gain?
  16. Beta blockers: How do they affect exercise?
  17. Birth control pill FAQ
  18. Blood glucose meters
  19. Blood glucose monitors
  20. Blood pressure: Can it be higher in one arm?
  21. Blood pressure chart
  22. Blood pressure cuff: Does size matter?
  23. Blood pressure: Does it have a daily pattern?
  24. Blood pressure: Is it affected by cold weather?
  25. Blood pressure medication: Still necessary if I lose weight?
  26. Blood pressure medications: Can they raise my triglycerides?
  27. Blood pressure readings: Why higher at home?
  28. Blood pressure test
  29. Blood pressure tip: Get more potassium
  30. Blood pressure tip: Get off the couch
  31. Blood pressure tip: Know alcohol limits
  32. Blood pressure tip: Stress out no more
  33. Blood pressure tip: Watch the caffeine
  34. Blood pressure tip: Watch your weight
  35. Blood sugar levels can fluctuate for many reasons
  36. Blood sugar testing: Why, when and how
  37. Bone and joint problems associated with diabetes
  38. Fibromuscular Dysplasia- Patient Experience, Struggles and Living with FMD
  39. Fibromuscular Dysplasia- Explanation, Treatments and Resources
  40. How kidneys work
  41. Build resilience to better handle diabetes
  42. Bump on the head: When is it a serious head injury?
  43. Caffeine and hypertension
  44. Calcium channel blockers
  45. Calcium supplements: Do they interfere with blood pressure drugs?
  46. Can low vitamin D cause high blood pressure?
  47. Can whole-grain foods lower blood pressure?
  48. Caring for a loved one with diabetes
  49. Central-acting agents
  50. Choosing blood pressure medications
  51. Chronic daily headaches
  52. Chronic kidney disease
  53. Coarctation of the aorta
  54. Cushing syndrome
  55. DASH diet
  56. DASH diet
  57. DASH recommended servings
  58. DASH diet tips
  59. Diabetes
  60. Diabetes and dental care
  61. Diabetes and depression: Coping with the two conditions
  62. Diabetes and exercise: When to monitor your blood sugar
  63. Diabetes and fasting: Can I fast during Ramadan?
  64. Diabetes and foot care
  65. Diabetes and Heat
  66. Diabetes and menopause
  67. Diabetes and summer: How to beat the heat
  68. Diabetes and travel: Planning is key
  69. Diabetes and electric blankets
  70. 10 ways to avoid diabetes complications
  71. Diabetes diet: Create your healthy-eating plan
  72. Diabetes diet: Should I avoid sweet fruits?
  73. Diabetes foods: Can I substitute honey for sugar?
  74. Diabetes and liver
  75. Diabetes management: Does aspirin therapy prevent heart problems?
  76. Diabetes management: How lifestyle, daily routine affect blood sugar
  77. Diabetes: Eating out
  78. Diabetes nutrition: Sweets
  79. Diabetes symptoms
  80. Diabetes treatment: Can cinnamon lower blood sugar?
  81. Using insulin
  82. Diuretics
  83. Diuretics: A cause of low potassium?
  84. Diuretics: Cause of gout?
  85. Dizziness
  86. Do infrared saunas have any health benefits?
  87. Do you know your blood pressure?
  88. Drug addiction (substance use disorder)
  89. High blood pressure and exercise
  90. Fibromuscular dysplasia
  91. Free blood pressure machines: Are they accurate?
  92. Home blood pressure monitoring
  93. Glomerulonephritis
  94. Glycemic index: A helpful tool for diabetes?
  95. Guillain-Barré syndrome
  96. Headaches 101: Know your type
  97. Headaches and hormones
  98. Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms
  99. Is chocolate healthy?
  100. Supplements and heart drugs
  101. High blood pressure (hypertension)
  102. High blood pressure and cold remedies: Which are safe?
  103. High blood pressure and sex
  104. High blood pressure: Can you prevent it?
  105. High blood pressure dangers
  106. How opioid addiction occurs
  107. How to tell if a loved one is abusing opioids
  108. How to use opioids safely
  109. Hunter syndrome
  110. Hypothermia
  111. IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
  112. Insulin and weight gain
  113. Insulin therapy options
  114. Intensive insulin therapy
  115. Intracranial hematoma
  116. Isolated systolic hypertension: A health concern?
  117. Kratom for opioid withdrawal
  118. L-arginine: Does it lower blood pressure?
  119. Late-night eating: OK if you have diabetes?
  120. Preventing lead exposure
  121. Lead poisoning
  122. Low-phosphorus diet: Helpful for kidney disease?
  123. Diabetes and carbs
  124. Medications and supplements that can raise your blood pressure
  125. Menopause and high blood pressure: What's the connection?
  126. Molar pregnancy
  127. MRI: Is gadolinium safe for people with kidney problems?
  128. New Test for Preeclampsia
  129. Nighttime headaches: Relief
  130. Nosebleeds
  131. Sleep apnea, obstructive
  132. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  133. Opioids and other drugs: What to watch for
  134. Pain Management
  135. Pheochromocytoma
  136. Picnic Problems: High Sodium
  137. Pituitary tumors
  138. Polycystic kidney disease
  139. Polypill: Does it treat heart disease?
  140. Porphyria
  141. Postpartum preeclampsia
  142. Preeclampsia
  143. Prescription drug abuse
  144. Primary aldosteronism
  145. Pulse pressure: An indicator of heart health?
  146. Mayo Clinic Minute: Rattlesnakes, scorpions and other desert dangers
  147. Reactive hypoglycemia: What can I do?
  148. Reading food labels
  149. Renal diet for vegetarians
  150. Resperate: Can it help reduce blood pressure?
  151. Sample DASH menus
  152. Scorpion sting
  153. Secondary hypertension
  154. Serotonin syndrome
  155. Service dogs assist with diabetes care
  156. Sleep deprivation: A cause of high blood pressure?
  157. Sleep tips
  158. Vegetable recipes
  159. Blood sugar testing
  160. Snoring
  161. Snoring solution: Sleep on your side
  162. Sodium: Smarten up
  163. Spider bites
  164. Stress and headaches: Stop the cycle
  165. Stress and high blood pressure
  166. Symptom Checker
  167. Takayasu's arteritis
  168. Tapering off opioids: When and how
  169. Tetanus
  170. Tetanus shots: Is it risky to receive 'extra' boosters?
  171. The dawn phenomenon: What can you do?
  172. Tips for cutting costs of blood glucose test strips
  173. Infographic: Transplant for Polycystic Kidney Disease
  174. Treating pain: When is an opioid the right choice?
  175. Vasodilators
  176. Vegetarian diet: Can it help me control my diabetes?
  177. Vesicoureteral reflux
  178. Video: Heart and circulatory system
  179. How diabetes affects your blood sugar
  180. How to measure blood pressure using a manual monitor
  181. How to measure blood pressure using an automatic monitor
  182. Obstructive sleep apnea: What happens?
  183. What is blood pressure?
  184. Weightlifting: Bad for your blood pressure?
  185. What are opioids and why are they dangerous?
  186. What's your high blood pressure risk?
  187. White coat hypertension
  188. Wrist blood pressure monitors: Are they accurate?
  189. Effectively managing chronic kidney disease