休克是由于体内血液流量突然下降而引起的一种危急状态。休克可能由创伤、热射病、失血或过敏反应引起,也可能由严重感染、中毒、严重烧伤或其他原因引起。休克者的器官无法获得充足的血液或氧气。如果不及时治疗休克,会导致永久性器官损伤甚至死亡。

休克的症状因情况而异,可能包括:

  • 皮肤湿冷。
  • 皮肤黯淡或苍白。
  • 嘴唇或指甲发灰或发青。
  • 脉搏过快。
  • 快速呼吸。
  • 恶心或呕吐。
  • 瞳孔扩大。
  • 虚弱或疲劳。
  • 头晕或昏厥。
  • 心理状态或行为发生变化,例如焦虑或激动。

寻求急救医疗护理

如果您怀疑有人休克,请拨打 911 或当地急救电话。然后请立即采取以下措施:

  • 让对方平躺,稍微抬高腿部和足部,除非您认为这么做可能引起疼痛或令其进一步受伤。
  • 让对方保持不动,如无必要,不要移动。
  • 如果对方没有生命体征,比如没有呼吸、咳嗽或活动,请实施 CPR
  • 解开紧身衣物,如果需要,给对方盖上毯子以防寒战。
  • 不要让对方进食或饮用任何饮料。
  • 如果对方呕吐或口腔出血,且没有疑似脊柱损伤,让对方侧躺以防呛噎。

Symptoms

Symptoms of shock vary depending on circumstances and may include:

  • Cool, clammy skin.
  • Pale or ashen skin.
  • A gray or bluish tinge to lips or fingernails.
  • Rapid pulse.
  • Rapid breathing.
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Enlarged pupils.
  • Weakness or fatigue.
  • Dizziness or fainting.
  • Changes in mental status or behavior, such as anxiousness or agitation.

Treatment

After calling 911 or your local emergency number, take the following steps right away:

  • Lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this may cause pain or further injury.
  • Keep the person still.
  • Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as not breathing, coughing or moving.
  • Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a blanket to prevent chilling.
  • If the person vomits or is bleeding from the mouth, and no spinal injury is suspected, turn the person onto a side to prevent choking.

What to avoid

  • Don't let the person eat or drink anything.
  • Don't move the person unless it's needed.
April 16, 2024