打印 概述阴道酵母菌感染是一种真菌感染，会导致阴道和外阴（阴道口处的组织）出现刺激感、分泌物和剧烈瘙痒。 阴道酵母菌感染又叫做阴道念珠菌病，四分之三的女性会在某个年龄遭遇感染。许多女性至少经历两次感染。 阴道酵母菌感染不属于性传播感染。但是，初次开始正常性生活时，阴道酵母菌感染的风险会增加。还有一些证据表明，该感染可能与口腔接触生殖器（口交）有关。 药物可以有效治疗阴道酵母菌感染。如果在一年内发生四次或以上的反复酵母菌感染，您可能需要更长的疗程和相应的维持计划。产品与服务书籍：《妙佑医疗国际家庭疗法指南》妙佑医疗国际商店的各种女性健康产品显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状酵母菌感染症状可从轻度到中度不等，包括： 阴道和外阴瘙痒、刺激 灼热感，尤其是在性交或排尿时 外阴红肿 阴道疼痛和酸痛 阴道皮疹 黏稠、白色且无异味的干酪状分泌物 水样阴道分泌物 复杂性酵母菌感染如果出现以下情况，则您有可能患有复杂性酵母菌感染： 出现严重体征和症状，例如全身发红、肿胀和瘙痒，导致皮肤皲裂或疮疡 一年中至少会受到四次酵母菌感染 引起感染的真菌并非典型类别 您处于孕期 您的糖尿病没有得到控制 某些药物或疾病（例如 HIV 感染）导致免疫系统减弱 何时就诊如果出现以下情况，请约诊医生： 首次出现酵母菌感染症状 您不确定自己是否患有酵母菌感染 使用非处方抗真菌阴道药膏或栓剂治疗后症状没有缓解 您出现了其他症状 申请预约 There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more. Click to view a preview and subscribe below. Email Address 1 ErrorEmail field is required ErrorInclude a valid email address Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the email. Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry 病因真菌白色念珠菌是大多数阴道酵母菌感染的罪魁祸首。 阴道天然含有念珠菌等酵母菌和细菌的混合物，并且这些细菌处于平衡状态。某些细菌（乳酸杆菌）可防止酵母菌过度生长。 但这种平衡可以被破坏。念珠菌过度生长或真菌穿透到阴道深层细胞层可引起酵母菌感染的体征和症状。 酵母菌过度生长的原因包括： 使用抗生素，导致阴道自然菌群失衡 怀孕 未经控制的糖尿病 免疫系统受损 口服避孕药或激素治疗，导致雌激素水平上升 白色念珠菌是引起酵母菌感染的最常见真菌类型。其他念珠菌引起的酵母菌感染可能更难治疗，一般需要更积极的疗法。 风险因素增加酵母菌感染风险的因素包括： 使用抗生素。服用抗生素的女性容易发生酵母菌感染。广谱抗生素可以杀死多种细菌，也可以杀死阴道中的健康细菌，导致酵母菌过度生长。 雌激素水平升高。酵母菌感染在雌激素水平较高的女性中更为常见，例如孕妇或服用大剂量雌激素避孕药或雌激素治疗的妇女。 未经控制的糖尿病。血糖控制不善的女性比血糖控制良好的女性更容易发生酵母菌感染。 免疫系统受损。免疫力低下的女性（例如由于皮质类固醇疗法或 HIV 感染的女性）更容易感染酵母菌。 预防为了降低您出现阴道酵母菌感染的风险，请穿棉质裆部的宽松内裤。 避免下列事项也可能会有所帮助： 紧身连裤袜 灌洗，这会去除掉阴道内保护您免受感染的正常细菌 带香味的女性用品，包括泡沫剂、卫生巾和卫生棉条 热水浴缸和过热的热水澡 不必要的抗生素使用，如用于感冒或其他病毒感染的抗生素 长时间穿着湿衣服，如泳衣和运动服 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请预约 诊断与治疗 Jan. 11, 2023 打印 显示参考文献 AskMayoExpert. Vulvovaginitis. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018. Ferri FF. Vaginitis, fungal. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2019. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018. Lobo RA, et al. Genital tract infections: Vulva, vagina, cervix, toxic shock syndrome, endometritis, and salpingitis. In: Comprehensive Gynecology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018. Cohen J, et al., eds. Vaginitis, vulvitis, cervicitis, and cutaneous vulval lesions. In: Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018. Butler Tobah YS (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Sept. 5, 2018. Blostein F, et al. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Annals of Epidemiology. 2017;27:575. Bope ET, et al. Vulvovaginitis. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2018. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018. Vaginal yeast infections. Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018. 相关 相关医疗程序 盆腔检查 产品与服务 书籍：《妙佑医疗国际家庭疗法指南》 妙佑医疗国际商店的各种女性健康产品 显示更多来自妙佑医疗国际的产品和服务 酵母菌感染（阴道）症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室 Advertisement 妙佑医疗国际不为任何公司或产品背书。广告收入为我们的非营利使命提供支持。 广告与赞助政策 政策 机会 广告选择 妙佑医疗国际出版社 浏览妙佑医疗国际出版社提供的畅销书以及书籍和简报的特别优惠。 NEW: Listen to Health Matters Podcast - 妙佑医疗国际出版社NEW: Listen to Health Matters Podcast《妙佑医疗国际论失禁》（Mayo Clinic on Incontinence） - 妙佑医疗国际出版社《妙佑医疗国际论失禁》（Mayo Clinic on Incontinence）《糖尿病基本知识》 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社《糖尿病基本知识》妙佑医疗国际论平衡和听觉 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际论平衡和听觉妙佑医疗国际免费饮食方案评估 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际免费饮食方案评估妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费书籍 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费书籍 CON-20378983 患者护理和健康信息 疾病与状况 酵母菌感染（阴道）
There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more. Click to view a preview and subscribe below. Email Address 1 ErrorEmail field is required ErrorInclude a valid email address Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the email. Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry