概述

放射性小肠炎是放射疗法后发生的肠道炎症。

放射性小肠炎会导致针对腹部、骨盆或直肠接受放疗的患者出现腹泻、恶心、呕吐和胃痉挛。这种疾病最常见于接受腹部和骨盆部位癌症放疗的人群。

对大多数人来说,放射性小肠炎是暂时的,炎症通常在治疗结束后数周消退。但对一些人来说,放射性小肠炎在放射治疗结束后很长时间持续存在,或在治疗数月或数年后继续发展。

慢性放射性小肠炎可引起贫血、腹泻和肠梗阻等并发症。

治疗重点在于缓解症状,直至炎症痊愈。在严重的情况下,可能需要管饲或手术切除肠段。

症状

放射性小肠炎的症状包括腹泻、恶心、呕吐和胃痉挛。这些症状是由癌症放疗后引起的肠刺激所致。它们通常会在治疗结束几周后消失。但有时候会持续更长时间。持续时间较长的放射性小肠炎可能导致贫血和肠梗阻。

风险因素

因腹部和骨盆癌症而接受放射治疗的患者罹患放射性小肠炎的风险更高。放射性小肠炎的发生是因为放射疗法会引起肠刺激。

April 06, 2024

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  3. Gastrointestinal complications (PDQ). National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/constipation/GI-complications-hp-pdq. Accessed Jan. 12, 2022.
  4. Loge L, et al. Radiation enteritis: Diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Journal of Visceral Surgery. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.08.012.
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