诊断

腹膜转移癌往往扩散至腹腔内壁,但不会形成明显的肿块。因此,医生通常需要结合影像学检查、体液检测,有时还需要进行手术才能确认诊断。

检查

  • 影像学检查。 CT、MRI 和 PET 扫描等影像学检查通常是寻找疑似腹膜转移癌的第一步。这些扫描有助于识别可见的肿瘤扩散、积液或器官受累。然而,影像学检查的灵敏度往往不足以检测出较小的癌症或早期腹膜疾病。因此,阴性扫描结果并不能排除腹膜转移癌。
  • 腹腔冲洗细胞学检查。 这项检查通过一个小手术从腹腔中采集液体。然后在显微镜下观测液体。医务人员使用腹腔冲洗细胞学检查,检测腹腔液中是否有癌细胞漂浮。即使没有可见的癌变部位,阳性细胞学检查结果也是腹膜扩散已经开始的强烈体征。
  • 腹腔镜分期。 腹腔镜分期是一种安全的微创外科类手术,使用小摄像头直接观察腹腔内部。医务人员可通过该手术检查腹膜,发现隐藏的肿瘤,并采集组织或体液样本。这项检查对于发现影像学检查无法检测出的微小腹膜转移瘤尤其有价值。
  • 肿瘤标志物检测。 肿瘤标志物检测使用血液样本来查找癌细胞产生的化学物质。
  • 循环肿瘤 DNA(ctDNA)。 这是一种较新的血液检测,用于检测血液中癌细胞的小片段 DNA。它可以帮助发现扫描结果未显示的腹膜癌。然而,ctDNA 在诊断中的作用仍不明确。
Feb. 03, 2026
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