概述

偏侧面肌痉挛是一种神经系统疾病,表现为一侧面部肌肉不自主地抽搐。偏侧面肌痉挛大多由血管接触面神经或搏动压迫面神经引起。也可能由面神经损伤或肿瘤引起。有时也可能原因不明。

症状

偏侧面肌痉挛的常见症状包括面部肌肉抽搐,通常具有如下特征:

  • 出现在面部一侧。
  • 不可控。
  • 不痛。

这些肌肉运动(收缩)通常始于眼睑。然后可能发展至面部同一侧的脸颊和嘴巴。偏侧面肌痉挛起初时有时无,但数月至数年后,其可能几乎一直存在。

面部两侧偶尔会同时发生偏侧面肌痉挛,但不会同时发生抽搐。

病因

偏侧面肌痉挛大多由血管碰到面神经而引起。也可能由面神经损伤或肿瘤引起。有时无法明确病因。

偏侧面肌痉挛有时由以下原因导致:

  • 面部肌肉活动。
  • 焦虑。
  • 压力。
  • 疲劳。

风险因素

Some studies show that these factors may increase the risk of hemifacial spasm:

  • High blood pressure, also called hypertension.
  • Age older than 40.
  • Being assigned female at birth.
  • Certain genes that give instructions to proteins that help carry cholesterol and other fats through the bloodstream, such as APOE e4.
  • Brain lesions or tumors, or conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
  • History of facial nerve injury or Bell's palsy.

预防

There is no known way to prevent hemifacial spasm. But managing stress, fatigue and anxiety may help lessen symptoms.

Oct. 31, 2025
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  8. Gulevich, S, et al. Hemifacial Spasm. Medscape. emedicine.medscape.com/article/1170722-print. Accessed June 16, 2025.

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