打印 概述中枢神经系统血管畸形是脑或脊髓及其覆盖层(称为脑脊膜)中的罕见血管问题。 中枢神经系统血管畸形有若干种类型,包括: 动静脉畸形(AVM)。这些是指连接动脉和静脉的血管异常缠结。AVM 可以发生于体内任何位置。在大多数情况下,它们发生在脑或脊柱中或其附近。这种类型导致发生脑出血和其他并发症的风险最高。 毛细管扩张。这是指小血管(称为毛细血管)宽于其常规状态。 海绵状血管畸形。这些是指脑或脊髓中异常形成的血管。它们看起来像桑椹或爆米花。 硬脑膜动静脉瘘。这些是指脑或脊髓上的硬覆盖层(称为硬脑膜)中的动脉与引流静脉之间的异常连接。 静脉畸形。这些是指脑或脊髓中异常增大的静脉。它们也被称为发育性静脉异常。 产品与服务书籍:《妙佑医疗国际家庭健康手册》简报:妙佑医疗国际卫生来信 — 数字版显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状症状因中枢神经系统血管畸形的类型及其位置而异。一些血管畸形无症状,在用于其他用途的影像学检查中发现。 一些中枢神经系统血管畸形的症状可能包括: 流血。 癫痫发作。 头痛。 随时间推移加重的脑和神经系统问题(称为神经功能缺损)。神经功能缺损可能会影响言语、视觉、平衡、记忆和其他能力。 申请预约 病因中枢神经系统血管畸形的病因尚不清楚。有些出生时就有,被称为先天性。另一些病症是后天发生的。 某些遗传状况可能增加发生血管畸形的风险。中枢神经系统损伤可能是另一种病因。 风险因素A family history of vascular malformations or genetic conditions, such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, may increase the risk of vascular malformations. Rare congenital factors, such as blood vessels not developing as they should before birth, increase risk for the condition. Nervous system injuries also may increase risk. 并发症中枢神经系统血管畸形可能会损伤大脑或脊髓。损伤可能由流血(称为出血)进入附近组织所致。血管畸形还可能会阻断氧气流向组织,并对脑或脊髓的某些部分施加压力。 并发症可能包括: 卒中。 血管爆裂导致的脑损伤。 死亡。 儿童的学习和行为问题。 一旦发生流血,再次流血的风险会更大。对于有血管畸形的患者,怀孕可能会增加流血风险。 预防You can't prevent vascular malformations. But if you have any known risk factors, there are a few ways to help with early detection and management. Monitoring helps find early signs of malformations using imaging. This is especially important if there is a family history of malformations or related genetic or congenital conditions. Your care team can discuss the best imaging tests for you and how often you need them. Managing other conditions such as inflammation and high blood pressure. While this does not prevent malformations, it may lessen the chances of complications such as hemorrhage. 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 在 Mayo Clinic 治疗 申请预约 诊断与治疗 July 26, 2025 打印 Living with 中枢神经系统血管畸形? Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases Discussions Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD): Want to connect 77 Replies Sun, Aug 17, 2025 chevron-right Cerebellum Atrophy 279 Replies Sun, Aug 17, 2025 chevron-right Have you got Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech? Let's connect 81 Replies Wed, Jul 02, 2025 chevron-right See more discussions 显示参考文献 Singer RJ, et al. Vascular malformations of the central nervous system. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 20, 2025. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arteriovenous-malformations-avms. Accessed Jan. 20, 2025. Berkowitz AL, ed. Vascular diseases of the brain & spinal cord. In: Clinical Neurology & Neuroanatomy: A Localization-Based Approach. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Jan. 20, 2025. McWilliams J. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: Clinical features and diagnostic evaluation in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 21, 2025. Singer RJ, et al. Brain arteriovenous malformations. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 20, 2025. Castillo-Rangel C, et al. Atlas of nervous system vascular malformations: A systemic review. Life. 2022; doi:10.3390/life12081199. Jan. 20, 2025. Dhamdhere S, et al. Vascular malformations of the brain and spine in children. PM&R Knowledge NOW. https://now.aapmr.org/vascular-malformations-of-the-brain-and-spine-in-children. Accessed Jan. 20, 2025. Ami T. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic. Jan. 20, 2025. Stieg PE, et al. Radiographic Anatomy: CT/MRI/Angiography and Risks. In: Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: Essentials for Patients and Practitioners. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com Accessed Jan. 21, 2025. Ricciardelli AR, et al. The role and therapeutic implications of inflammation in the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformations. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 20, 2025. Azab MA, et al. Update on management of dural arteriovenous fistulas. Journal of Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs. 2022; doi:10.36013/jrdod.v3i.102. Accessed Jan. 21, 2025. Cenzato M, et al. Complications in AVM surgery. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 2021; doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63453-7_11. 相关 产品与服务 书籍:《妙佑医疗国际家庭健康手册》 简报:妙佑医疗国际卫生来信 — 数字版 显示更多来自妙佑医疗国际的产品和服务 中枢神经系统血管畸形症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室在 Mayo Clinic 治疗 Advertisement 妙佑医疗国际不为任何公司或产品背书。广告收入为我们的非营利使命提供支持。 广告与赞助政策 政策 机会 广告选择 妙佑医疗国际出版社 浏览妙佑医疗国际出版社提供的畅销书以及书籍和简报的特别优惠。 新资讯:妙佑医疗国际睡眠改善指南 收听健康问题播客 妙佑医疗国际:关于失禁 糖尿病基本信息 妙佑医疗国际饮食方案评估 — 免费 妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费读物 CON-20301691 疾病与状况 中枢神经系统血管畸形