酒精中毒
    诊断与治疗

    2026 年 8 月 29 日

    诊断

    除了检查酒精中毒的明显体征和症状外,医生可能会要求进行血液和尿液检测,以检查血液酒精水平、确定其他酒精中毒的体征(如低血糖)。

    治疗

    对于酒精中毒,在身体自行分解酒精时,通常还需要支持性护理协助治疗。这通常包括:

    • 监测以预防呼吸或呛噎问题。
    • 氧疗。
    • 通过静脉输液以防脱水。
    • 使用维生素和葡萄糖以帮助预防严重并发症。

    意外摄入甲醇或异丙醇的人可能需要进行血液透析。这是一种过滤血液中废物和毒素的机械方法。它可以加速清除血液中的酒精。

    自我护理

    对于酒精中毒,家庭疗法并不奏效。酒精中毒为紧急情况。

    危险误区

    酒精中毒造成的后果是不可逆的,有些做法甚至会让情况变得更糟。以下做法并不奏效:

    • 大睡一觉。 酒精中毒者可能在睡眠时失去意识。
    • 摄入黑咖啡或咖啡因。 咖啡和其他含咖啡因的饮料无法阻止或减轻酒精中毒的影响。
    • 冷水淋浴。 低温的刺激可能使酒精中毒者失去意识。
    • 行走排毒。 这种做法并不会加快酒精排出体内的速度。
    1. Overview of alcohol consumption. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    2. Understanding the dangers of alcohol overdose. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/AlcoholOverdoseFactsheet/Overdosefact.htm. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    3. Health topics: Alcohol overdose. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/health-topics-alcohol-overdose. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    4. Alcohol poisoning deaths. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-poisoning-deaths/. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    5. Rethinking drinking: Alcohol and your health. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov. Accessed Feb. 17, 2023.
    6. Alcohol & diabetes. American Diabetes Association. https://diabetes.org/healthy-living/medication-treatments/alcohol-diabetes. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    7. Cowan E, et al. Ethanol intoxication in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    8. Baum CR. Ethanol intoxication in children: Epidemiology, estimation of toxicity, and toxic effects. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    9. Alcohol toxicity and withdrawal. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/recreational-drugs-and-intoxicants/alcohol-toxicity-and-withdrawal. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    10. Sivilotti MLA. Isopropyl alcohol poisoning. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    11. Sivilotti MLA, et al. Methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning: Pharmacology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    12. Substance use/misuse. Youth.gov. https://youth.gov/youth-topics/substance-abuse. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    13. Facts about aging and alcohol. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/alcohol-use-older-people. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    14. Elsevier Point of Care. Acute ethanol toxicity. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    15. Baum CR. Ethanol intoxication in children: Clinical features, evaluation and management. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
    16. The basics: Defining how much alcohol is too much. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/basics-defining-how-much-alcohol-too-much. Accessed Jan. 27, 2023.
    17. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Feb. 5, 2023.

    CON-20199566

    Thank a researcher today

    Mayo Clinic researchers drive discoveries that improve detection, diagnosis and treatment. Your quick message to them means so much.